1. Describing Data Visually Statistics & Risk Management 1Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

2. 2 “Copyright and Terms of Service Copyright © Texas Education Agency. The materials found on this website are copyrighted © and trademarked ™ as the property of the Texas Education Agency and may not be reproduced without the express written permission of the Texas Education Agency, except under the following conditions: 1)Texas public school districts, charter schools, and Education Service Centers may reproduce and use copies of the Materials and Related Materials for the districts’ and schools’ educational use without obtaining permission from the Texas Education Agency; 2) Residents of the state of Texas may reproduce and use copies of the Materials and Related Materials for individual personal use only without obtaining written permission of the Texas Education Agency; 3) Any portion reproduced must be reproduced in its entirety and remain unedited, unaltered and unchanged in any way; 4) No monetary charge can be made for the reproduced materials or any document containing them; however, a reasonable charge to cover only the cost of reproduction and distribution may be charged. Private entities or persons located in Texas that are not Texas public school districts or Texas charter schools or any entity, whether public or private, educational or non-educational, located outside the state of Texas MUST obtain written approval from the Texas Education Agency and will be required to enter into a license agreement that may involve the payment of a licensing fee or a royalty fee. Call TEA Copyrights with any questions you have.

3. The Visual Advantage Advantages: Easier to make comparisons. Easier to make comparisons. Easier to draw conclusions Easier to draw conclusions A picture is worth a 1000 words. A picture is worth a 1000 words. 3Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

4. Been Around for a While Nicole Oresme, 14th Century Publication 4Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

5. Pie Charting Advantage: Great for a small number of groups with large variances. Great for a small number of groups with large variances. 5Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

6. Top 10 World Production 2010 CompanySales by Units Toyota8,557,351 General Motors8,476,192 Volkswagen7,341,065 Hyundai5,764,918 Ford4,988,031 Nissan3,982,162 Honda3,643,057 PSA Peugeot Citroën3,605,524 Suzuki2,892,945 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_industry 6Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

7. 7 Production: Does this tell us something?

8. Call Center Sample (Calls) Can we apply this data to a pie chart? 6:00 am120 7:00 am110 8:00 am 160 9:00 am205 10:00 am170 11:00 am150 12:00 am170 1:00 pm200 2:00 pm170 3:00 pm152 4:00 pm140 5:00 pm130 6:00 pm180 7:00 pm100 8:00 pm 143 9:00 pm210 10:00 pm161 11:00 pm 80 12:00 am 40 1:00 am 30 2:00 am 40 3:00 am 20 4:00 am 10 5:00 am 31 8Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

9. 9 Calls Each Hour Does this tell us something?

10. Histogram Charting Better when time is involved. Better when time is involved. Data is grouped and placed along an axis representing time. Data is grouped and placed along an axis representing time. 10Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

11. 11Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Calls Each Hour Does this tell us something?

12. Scatter Charting Used to look for relationships between two variables or potential clustering Used to look for relationships between two variables or potential clustering Good for seeing a correlation or cluster. Good for seeing a correlation or cluster. 12Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

13. Years Experience Time (Hours) 13Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Scatter Charting

14. 14Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Scatter Charting What do you think this means?

15. Ogive Charting Utilizes a line to connect data. Utilizes a line to connect data. When used correctly it can predict values between and beyond. When used correctly it can predict values between and beyond. 15Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

16. Ogive Charting: Can this chart really predict values between and beyond? 16Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

17. Descriptive Indices Indices are used to Identify Groups in Comparison Studies. Indices are used to Identify Groups in Comparison Studies. 17Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

18. Example Indices Utility Bills Utility Bills – Kilowatts vs. Months Sale Commissions Sale Commissions – Sales vs. Sales Person 18Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

19. Descriptive Scales 19Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Nominal Nominal Ordinal Ordinal Interval Interval Ratio Ratio