1. Use of Tablet Computers to Implement the Local Governance Performance Index (LGPI) in Tunisia Lindsay J. Benstead - Assistant Professor of Political Science, Portland State University Kristen Kao - Research Fellow, The Program on Governance and Local Development, University of Gothenburg Pierre F. Landry - Professor of Political Science, Director of Global China Studies, New York University - Shanghai Ellen M. Lust - Professor of Political Science, University of Gothenburg, Director of the Program on Governance and Local Development Dhafer Malouche - Associate Professor of Statistics, University of Carthage

2. Drawn from Experience with Local Governance Performance Index (LGPI) in Tunisia, 2015 Examine Opportunities, Challenges and Recommendations, focus on issues of Survey Methodology

3. Questionnaire Development and Programming Opportunities:  Develop and implement complex questionnaires  Better capabilities for implementing experiments  Randomization of modules, questions and items Challenges:  Tablets have advantages but also disadvantages  need different mindset, including at the design stage Recommendations:  Design and program the survey directly into the interface  Consider carefully how earlier randomization procedures affect later ones  How correction vs. confirmations of answers should be allowed?

4. Sampling Process: -6 of 24 governorates -Households randomly sampled using PPS -Points of light data used as a proxy for local population density, GPS Locations

5. Reaching Final Sampling Areas

6. Sampling Opportunities:  Aids interviewers reach right location – esp. GPS sampling  Random selection of the respondent (the “Kish grid”) Challenges:  Does not fully solve the challenge of sampling manipulation by interviewers Recommendations:  Do not allow survey to go backwards and redo the Kish table

7. Pre-Testing and Piloting Opportunities:  Maximum benefit from a field pilot because the data is coded immediately  Easier and less conspicuous use of recording focus groups, behavior coding, and cognitive interviewing Challenges:  Serious ethical considerations and political risks Recommendations:  Run pre-tests multiple times and pilot a few weeks before you want to field  Write the costs of using these techniques into budgets

8. Quality-Control and Data Forensics Opportunities:  Review data every night allows for early identification of need for more training or possible cheating  Detect errors before survey is complete Recommendations:  Use tablet features in data forensics, particularly time stamps  Program the timer to stop when interviews are suspended and to note when cases are closed and reopened

9. Final Thoughts  Tablets allow new opportunities to improve surveys, and methodology  Use of tablets for CAPI, crowdsourcing and SMS surveys differ  Concerns about tablets should be vs. reality of pen-and-paper surveys, not utopia

10. Amiseginalew! Thank you! Merci! شكرا Tack! 谢谢！