1. GEOGRAPHY REVIEW How the earth is represented Maps Globes
How the earth is organized
Directions
Mathematical measurements
How the earth is divided
Hemispheres

3. Measurements Lines of latitude (parallels)
Measured in degrees N&S of equator
0 to 90
Lines of longitude (meridians)
Measured in degrees E&W of prime meridian
0 to 180

5. Geography Exercise Identify the countries on the map by coloring them
Example 1. United States of America – Blue
11. Iraq, 12. France, 13. Germany
Then list the countries its near by.
Example: 1. United States of America is near by Canada and Mexico.

6. Opening Activity (OA) 1 What is the role of the government?
What are some of their responsibilities?

7. Key Terms
Government
the group of people who control and make decisions for a country, state
a particular system used for controlling a country
Political: relating to government
Laws: rules made by the government of a town or country

8. Key Terms
Monarchy (Mono – One): a country that is ruled by a King or a queen
Aristocracy: Few privileged people rule the country
Privileged means having special rights or advantages
Oligarchy:
government by the few
a government in which a small group exercises control

9. Rise of Democracy Rise of Democratic Ideals
Evolution (changed) from Monarchy and Aristocracy or Oligarchy
Athens, Greece
Democracy: Type of government in which people have the power
Pure/Direct Democracy – every citizen participated in decision making
Representative Democracy– when people choose representatives to make decisions for them
Principles of Democracy
Rule by law, Rule by the people, Due process (Government must respect all legal rights that are owed to a person.

10. Golden age of Greece Reforms of Solon
Council of 400 – reviewed laws before reaching the assembly
Freed slaves
Reforms of Cleisthenes
Increased number & power of assembly (500)
Direct Democracy (Male citizens over 18)
Reforms of Pericles
Paid salaries – allowed more citizens to get involved with the government
Schools of Philosophy
Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

11. OA 2 Pg 139 What is Philosophy?
Do you have any philosophy you live your life by?
Ex: “You are what you eat”

12. Philosophy Philosophy is an organized system of thought Philo -- Love
Sophomos – Wisdom
Philosopher was a person who loves and seeks wisdom and knowledge.
In Athens, Greek philosophers spoke of nature of life, people, and government.
Plato’s, The Republic
How government should be organized

13. Analyzing, THE REPUBULIC
1. Underline or highlight words you need to define 2. On a separate sheet of paper, we will define the terms 3. We will read the text together 4. Working with your group summarize the reading below the lines.

14. Fall of Troy (Trojan Spartan War)
Myths of Rome
Fall of Troy (Trojan Spartan War)
Romulus and Remus

16. Expansion of wealth and power! But the common people stayed powerless.
Wars and Conquests
Expansion of wealth and power! But the common people stayed powerless.
This led to civil wars.

17. Roman Republic
Monarchy was overthrown, and the citizens created a republic.
Republic
representative government
Ensure not one person gained too much power
Branches of the government:
Senate and two assemblies
Senate--Most powerful governing body in Rome
Senators served for life and was responsible for making laws (legislation)

18. Roman Senate

19. Roman Republic Patricians
the original aristocratic families of Ancient Rome
Powerful elites
Plebeians
Commoners—farmers, merchants, artisans and traders
Slaves
Prisoners of war or people in debt
Roman Republic

20. Roman Legal System
Inequalities in Rome led to the creation of the 12 Tables
12 Tables—Rome’s first code of law that was written down on stone tablets.
Tribunes – elected from the lower classes and who had the power to block (veto) decisions made by the assemblies.

21. What are some similarities?

22. 12 Tables of Rome!
First Legal code of Rome that was the foundation of Roman Republic.

23. OA 3 What purposes do laws serve?
What kind of laws are there in today’s society?

26. Judeo-Christian Tradition
New religions stress law and fair treatment
Judaism: teachings of prophets (10 Commandments)
Christianity: teachings of Jesus (morality, individualism)
Islam: teachings of Mohammed (dignity; charity)

27. Compare and Contrast

28. Medieval Reforms
Governments based on Absolutism also called Absolute Monarchy lasted for 1000 years
Absolute Monarchy is a government in which the monarch (King or Queen) has absolute power among his or her people. He or she has unrestricted political power.

29. Medieval Reforms Magna Carta (1215)
Nobles forced King of England to sign this document
Limited the power of the king
Source of rights and liberties
Parliament
Representative body /Legislature to check the powers of the King

30. Social Movements Renaissance (Rebirth) Cultural movement in Italy
Modeled after Greek, Roman
Art, Music, Philosophy
Da Vinci, Michelangelo, etc
Stressed individualism and secular (not Godly) things

34. Michelangelo's Pietà

35. Social Movements Cnt’d
Reformation
Religious movement led by Martin Luther, a German Monk
Sought to end corruption in the Church (Roman Catholic Church
Indulgences – payment to the Church in exchange for forgiveness of sin.
Nailed 95 theses to church door
Stood his ground at Diet of Worms
Divided Church into 2 groups
Catholics and Protestants