1. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
I CAN:
Distinguish the theories of intelligence
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

2. Psychometric Theories of Intelligence
Intelligence is a combination of abilities that can be measured by mental testing.
These tests often include analogies, classification or identification, and series completion.
4 Major Psychometric Theories:
Charles Spearman- factor analysis
Raymond Cattell- fluid/crystallized
Robert Sternberg- Triarchic
Howard Gardner-Multiple Intelligence
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3. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Charles Spearman
Developed “factor analysis”
Two factors
“g” = general intelligence
“s” = specific ability
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4. Intelligence is broken down into two independent components
Raymond Cattell
(same guy from personality unit)
Intelligence is broken down into two independent components
Crystallized Intelligence The knowledge a person has acquired, plus the ability to access that knowledge
Fluid Intelligence The ability to see complex relationships and solve problems
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5. Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory
Three types of intelligence:
Practical
Analytical
Creative
All people have all three to some degree
Most people are stronger in one type than the others
Intelligence is trainable
Intelligence is affected by and related to culture
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6. Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory
Ability to cope with the environment; “street smarts”
Practical Intelligence
Ability to analyze problems and find correct answers; ability measured by most IQ tests
also called logical reasoning
Analytical Intelligence
Form of intelligence that helps people see new relationships among concepts; involves insight and creativity
Creative Intelligence
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7. Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences
Linguistic
“An intelligence is the ability to solve problems, or to create products, that are valued within one or more cultural settings.”
Sees traditional IQ tests as far too limited.
Logical-Mathematical
Spatial
Think of all of the people who aren’t “classically intelligent,” but who made great contributions to our culture.
Musical
Bodily-Kinesthetic
Interpersonal
Intrapersonal
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8. Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences
Linguistic
Often measured on IQ tests with reading comprehension and vocabulary tests
Logical-Mathematical
Spatial
Musical
Bodily-Kinesthetic
Interpersonal
Intrapersonal
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9. Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences
Linguistic
Often measured on IQ tests with analogies, math problems and logic problems
Logical-Mathematical
Spatial
Musical
Bodily-Kinesthetic
Interpersonal
Intrapersonal
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10. Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences
Linguistic
Logical-Mathematical
Ability to form mental images of objects and think about their relationships in space
Spatial
Musical
Bodily-Kinesthetic
Interpersonal
Intrapersonal
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11. Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences
Linguistic
Logical-Mathematical
Spatial
Ability to perceive and create patterns of rhythms and pitches
Musical
Bodily-Kinesthetic
Interpersonal
Intrapersonal
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12. Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences
Linguistic
Logical-Mathematical
Spatial
Musical
Ability for controlled movement and coordination
Bodily-Kinesthetic
Interpersonal
Intrapersonal
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13. Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences
Linguistic
Logical-Mathematical
Spatial
Musical
Bodily-Kinesthetic
Ability to understand other people’s emotions, motives and actions
Interpersonal
Intrapersonal
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14. Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences
Linguistic
Logical-Mathematical
Spatial
Musical
Bodily-Kinesthetic
Ability to know oneself and to develop a sense of identity
Interpersonal
Intrapersonal
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15. Gardner’s Three Other Intelligences
Naturalistic Intelligence / Nature Smart
A person who has the ability to identify and classify patterns in nature.
Enjoys nature Caring for animals Likes to be outdoors
Spiritual Intelligence
Gardner chose not to include spiritual intelligence amongst his "intelligences" due to the challenge of codifying quantifiable scientific criteria.
Existential Intelligence
The ability to be sensitive to, or have the capacity for tackling deeper or larger questions about human existence, such as the meaning of life - - why are we born - - why do we die
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16. Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence Theory:
Each intelligence has its neurological base in a different area of the brain
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17. Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
 A prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true
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18. Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
For example…If a person thinks we are clever or stupid, they will treat us that way.
If we are treated as if we are clever, stupid, etc…we will act, and even become, that way.
This is also known as the Pygmalion Effect.
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19. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
I CAN:
Distinguish the theories of intelligence
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007