1. The CIRCULATORY System
Unit 3
Transportation Systems

2. Combining Forms Arteri/o artery Cardi/o heart Erythr/o red
Leuk/o white
Phleb/o vein
Scler/o hardening
Thromb/o blood clot
Vascul/o vessel
Ven/o vein

3. Prefixes/Suffixes A- or an- without or not Brady- slow Tachy- fast
-ar pertaining to
-cyte cell
-emia blood condition
-gram recording of
-itis inflammation of
-logist someone who studies
-lysis destruction, loosening
-megaly enlargement
-ole small
-oma tumor
-ous pertaining to
-stenosis narrowing, stricture
-tomy to cut, incision

4. Abbreviations/ Terms BP blood pressure CBC complete blood count
CPR Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
EKG electrocardiogram
MI myocardial infarction/ heart attack
P pulse
RBC red blood cell
WBC white blood cell
Diastole period of relaxation
Embolism undissolved matter that travels
Malaise not feeling well
Systole period of contraction
Thrombus blood clot

5. Functions of the Circulatory System
Transportation of
nutrients and waste
heat
oxygen and carbon dioxide
hormones
antibodies

6. Structures of the Circulatory System
Systemic System
Pulmonary System

7. Heart Location and Structures
The heart is found in the Thoracic Cavity between the lungs, slightly left of center.
The base is the broad flat top of the heart
The apex is the pointy bottom of the heart
Coronary arteries and veins run blood to and from the myocardium

8. Heart Hollow organ Pumps blood throughout the body
Three layers: endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium
Four chambers
Right and left atria
Right and left ventricles
Four valves
Bicuspid (mitral), tricuspid, pulmonary and aortic semilunars

9. Layers of the Heart Endocardium
Inside lining, covers all walls and valves
Made of epithelial and connective tissues
Important because of the volume of blood that flows through the heart
Myocardium
Bulk of the heart
Made of cardiac muscle
Thickest around left ventricle
Pericardium
Serous membrane around the heart
Has a visceral and parietal layer

10. The 4 Chambers of the Heart
Right Atrium
Left Atrium
Receives blood from veins;
pumps to right ventricle.
Receives blood from lungs;
pumps to left ventricle.
Right Ventricle
Left Ventricle
Pumps blood through the
aorta to the body.
Pumps blood to the lungs.

11. The 4 Valves Bicuspid / Mitral Between left atrium and ventricle
Has two flaps
Tricuspid
Between right atrium and ventricle
Has three flaps
Pulmonary Semilunar
From the right ventricle leading to the lungs through the pulmonary artery
Aortic Semilunar
From the left ventricle leading to the body through the aorta

12. The Anatomy of the Heart

13. Conduction System
The heart has it’s own electrical system that controls the rhythm of heart contractions.
SA Node (pacemaker of the heart)
Sinoatrial Node
Atrium contract
Impulse excites AV node
AV Node (atrioventricular node)
Bundle of HIS
Bundle Branches
Purkinje Fibers
Ventricles contract
conduction system in the heart

14. Blood Vessels Closed system for flow of blood Three types of vessels:
Arteries, Capillaries, and Veins C a p i l r y b e d V n A t o s u v

15. Blood Vessels Arteries Take blood away from the heart
Under high pressure
Used to take pulses
Squirt when cut
Veins
Take blood towards the heart
Have valves to help push blood against gravity
Constant flow when cut
Capillaries
Between arteries and veins
Only one cell thick to allow gas and nutrient exchange
So tiny only one blood cell at a time can go through

16. Pulses
The pulse is caused by the contraction of the left ventricle and the wave of blood that it pushes into the arteries
Common Pulses
Carotid
Radial

17. Blood Pressure Has two parts: Systolic Diastolic
Measures the pressure in the arteries when the left ventricle contracts
The top number
Diastolic
Measures the pressure in the arteries when the left ventricle is relaxed and filling
The bottom number

18. Blood Provides vital transportation for the body Four components
Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
Carry O2 and CO2
White blood cells (leukocytes)
Fight disease
Platelets (thrombocytes)
Clot blood
Plasma
Fluid part the others travel in

19. Blood

20. Pathway of Blood Rt Atrium Tricuspid valve Rt Ventricle
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Pulmonary arteries
Lung
Pulmonary veins
Lt Atrium
Mitral valve (bicuspid)
Lt Ventricle
Aortic semilunar valve
Aorta
Arteries
Body
Veins
Sup/Inf Vena Cavas

21. Diseases and Disorders
Circulatory System

22. Anemia
Blood disorder where capacity of the blood to transport oxygen is decreased
Usually red blood cell count is diminished
Causes:
Internal bleeding, vitamin deficiencies, decreased RBC production, increase in RBC destruction by spleen
Symptoms:
Fatigue, chest pain, skin pallor, increased heart rate, difficulty breathing
Treatment:
Iron supplements, vitamin supplements, blood transfusions, and erythropoietin

23. Heart Attack (myocardial infarction)
Coronary artery or a branch of the coronary artery is blocked
Symptoms:
Chest pain
Crushing pressure behind the breastbone and chest pain radiating to the neck, jaw, abdomen, shoulder or left arm
Nausea
Vomiting
Difficulty breathing
Anxiety or fear
Treatment:
Oxygen, nitroglycerin, pain meds, blood thinners, antiplatelet meds, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, and surgical procedures

24. High Blood Pressure (hypertension)
Blood pressure is chronically elevated
Can contribute to coronary artery disease, strokes, kidney failure, and sudden rupture of the aorta
Sustained systolic blood pressure of over 140 or a sustained diastolic blood pressure of over 90 is considered hypertension
Usually there are no symptoms other than a mild headache
Treatment usually
involves medications

25. Atherosclerosis
Build-up of fatty deposits on the inner walls of arteries
Restricts the flow of blood
Fats and other particles combine to form plaque
Calcium can be deposited by plaque and cause the area to harden
Treatment includes medications and diet to reduce fats and cholesterol levels, exercise and weight loss is also recommended