1. Nicholas Carletta Mentors: William Gallus, Michael Fowle, and Daniel Miller

2.  Hypothesis  What is Wind-Driven Hail?  Methodology  Morphologies in Wind-Driven Hail Cases  Comparisons of Environmental Parameters  Conclusions

3.  Wind-driven hail events occurred most frequently with certain storm morphology and these storms had high values of CAPE and SRH, as expected of a high end severe event like wind-driven hail.

4.  An event where severe hail greater than 1 inch in diameter occurs simultaneously with severe wind in excess of 50 knots/ 58 mph Credit for picture: Karl Jungbluth

5. Severe wind damageSevere wind-driven hail damage Credit for pictures: Michael Fowle

6.  103 mph wind and 3 inch hail reported  Crop Damage $175 million+ Picture and information from Karl Jungbluth NWS-Des Moines

7. Credit for pictures: Michael Fowle From Otho, Iowa near Fort Dodge during 8/9/09 event

8. Damage from Eldora, IA Credit for picture: Karl Jungbluth

10.  Severe wind reports and hail reports >1 inch that occur within 5 miles of each other no more than 30 minutes apart obtained from the National Climatic Data Center’s Storm Data  69 cases in 2002 and 69 cases in 2007  Morphologies assigned from Duda and Gallus (2010) and Gallus et al (2008) data

11. Picture from William Gallus

12.  Supercell data from Gallus and Duda (2010)  Categories from strength of event  30 Wind-only, 30 hail-only, and 14 known base cases to compare  Archived 00 hour RUC data analyzed with GEMPAK for CAPE and SRH

13. Wind-driven Hail from 2002 Wind-driven Hail from 2007

14. CategoryCAPE Average (J/kg) 0-3 km SRH Average (m 2 /s 2 ) CAPE Standard Deviation (J/kg) 0-3 km SRH Standard Deviation (m 2 /s 2 ) 200226781241491110 200728231271500123 Wind-only26311921259127 Hail-only30661161690127 Known25152251458186

15. MorphologyCAPE Average (J/kg) 0-3 km SRH Average (m 2 /s 2 ) CAPE Standard Deviation (J/kg) 0-3 km SRH Standard Deviation (m 2 /s 2 ) BE24421951428117 BL31751541434175 CC26301301660100 IC3137991118122 LS77437800 NL304094154084 NS2222117137198 PS20216653084 TS26571241617113

17. CategoryCAPE Average (J/kg) 0-3 km SRH Average (m 2 /s 2 ) CAPE Standard Deviation (J/kg) 0-3 km Standard Deviation (m 2 /s 2 ) 126091211254119 231881411585114 33486118127977

18. Supercell?CAPE Average (J/kg) 0-3 km SRH Average (m 2 /s 2 ) CAPE Standard Deviation (J/kg) 0-3 km SRH Standard Deviation (m 2 /s 2 ) Yes3140146138797 No25481091585147

19. The NS, TS, IC, and CC morphologies over the two years were the most frequent The CC, IC, and NL morphologies were the most frequent morphologies higher categories

20. 0-3 km SRH was significantly smaller for the wind-driven hail events than in the wind-only and known events Higher CAPE is present in supercells during wind-driven hail events Events with larger hail and higher winds had higher CAPE values than events with smaller hail and lower wind speeds

21.  Expand to additional seasons  More environmental parameters

22.  William Gallus  Michael Fowle  Daniel Miller  Karl Jungbluth

23. Das, P., 1962: Influence of the wind shear on the growth of hail. J. Atmos. Sci., 19, 407–414. Donavon, R. A. and K. A. Jungbluth (2007). "Evaluation of a Technique for Radar Identification of Large Hail across the Upper Midwest and Central Plains of the United States." Wea. Forecasting 22, 244-254. Duda, J. D. and W. A. Gallus (2010). "Spring and Summer Midwestern Severe Weather Reports in Supercells Compared to Other Morphologies." Wea. Forecasting 25, 190-206. Gallus, W. A., Jr., E. V. Johnson, and N. Snook, 2008: Spring and summer severe weather reports over the Midwest as a function of convective mode: A preliminary study. Wea. Forecasting, 23, 101-113. Lemon, and S. Parker, 1996: The Lahoma deep convergence zone: its characteristics, and role in storm dynamics and severity. Preprints, 18 th Conf. on Severe Local Storms, Boston, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 70-75. Morgan Jr., G. M. and N. G. Towery, 1976: On the role of strong winds in damage to crops by hail and its estimation with a simple instrument. J. Appl. Meteor., 15, 891–898. Nelson, S. P., 1983: The influence of storm flow structure on hail growth. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 1965– 1983. Rasmussen, E. N., and D. O. Blanchard, 1998: A baseline climatology of sounding-derived supercell and tornado forecast parameters. Wea. Forecasting, 13, 1148-1164.