1. The Muscular System THE MOVING FORCE

2. MYOLOGY – THE STUDY OF MUSCLES  Myo – refers to muscle my/o – muscle myositis – inflammation of voluntary muscle  Sarco – specifically refers to muscle cells Sarc/o – flesh, muscular substance Sarcolemma – plasma membrane of a muscle cell

3. Emaciated healthy

4. What do my muscles do? locomotion Shape/form/posture Strength/endurance heat digestion

5. epithelialmuscle nervousconnective Tissue

6. skeletal cardiac smooth Voluntary, Striated Striated, Involuntary Visceral, Non-striated, Involuntary

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8. Muscle Tissue _________are strong fibrous white bands that attach muscle to bone _________are strong bands of fibrous tissue connecting bones or cartilage _________a broad sheet of fibrous tissue serving as a tendon/fascia to bind muscle together _______encloses muscles and separates them into groups

9. Tendons Tendon sheath = Connective tissue that surrounds and protects tendons where there is a long distance to attachment or over a joint.

10. Ligaments

11. Aponeurosis Flat, ribbon-like tendon that attaches muscle to bone or muscle to muscle.

12. Fascia: fibrous membrane that encloses muscles and separates them into groups

13. Ligaments Attach bone to cartilage or bone to bone Aid or restrict movement.

14. Origin: the _________of the two points of attachment The end of a muscle that is attached to the more “fixed” part of the skeleton

15. Insertion: the point of attachment by a muscle The insertion moves when a muscle contracts. The Belly?

16. Anatomy of a Muscle

17. Muscle cells

18. striated

19. Motor Nerve: causes muscle to move by stimulating a group of muscle fibers Nerve + Group of muscle cells = neuromotor unit (or motor unit)

20. MUSCLE FACTS: Speed of muscle contraction varies depending on size of structure to be moved. Ex: eye muscle contraction = faster than muscles of the hip Smaller structure = more rapid movement Many movements carried out by several muscles (and muscle groups) working together. Exercise increases thickness of muscle fibers; does not produce new fibers.

21. Smooth Muscle: also called______,(organs) non- striated or involuntary muscle. Many of the internal organs are made of smooth muscle including:

22. bladder

23. uterus

24. Iris, Arteries Vasodilation / vasoconstriction

25. Smooth muscle vs. skeletal muscle

26. Cardiac muscle is involuntary but does show very fine striations

27. A muscle must depend on other muscles to assist in a desired movement. For this reason muscles are called prime movers, antagonists and synergists.