1. Computing in COBOL: The Arithmetic Verbs and Intrinsic Functions Chapter 7

2. Basic Arithmetic Verbs ADD, SUBTRACT, MULTIPLY, DIVIDE All require fields operated on to –Have numeric PICTURE clauses –Contain numeric data when statements executed

3. Add Statement ADD {identifier-1 / literal} TO {identifier-2 [ROUNDED] } … ADD 1 TO WS-PAGE-COUNT ADD 2 TO WS-LINE-COUNT ADD IN-OT-HOURS TO WS-TOTAL-HOURS

4. Add Statement ADD {identifier-1 / literal} TO {identifier-2 / literal-2} GIVING {identifier-3 [ROUNDED] } … ADD IN-REG-HOURS TO IN-OT-HOURS GIVING WS-TOTAL-HOURS

5. Subtract Statement SUBTRACT {identifier-1 / literal} FROM {identifier-2 [ROUNDED] } … SUBTRACT 1 FROM WS-REC-SUBSCRIPT

6. Subtract Statement SUBTRACT {identifier-1 / literal-1} FROM {identifier-2 / literal-2} GIVING {identifier-3[ROUNDED] } … SUBTRACT 10.00, WITH-TAX, FICA, DEDUCTION FROM GROSS-PAY GIVING NET-PAY SUBTRACT 1 FROM BONUS-PNTS GIVING CHECK-PNTS, WORK-PNTS

7. Multiply Statement MULTIPLY {identifier-1 / literal-1} BY {identifier-2 [ROUNDED] } … MULTIPLE 1.04 BY BUDGET-ITEM MULTIPLY TAX-RATE BY TAX-WORK-AREA

8. Multiply Statement MULTIPLY {identifier-1 / literal-1} BY {identifier-2 / literal-2} GIVING {identifier-3 [ROUNDED] } … MULTIPLY TOTAL-PURCHASES BY TAX- RATE GIVING SALES-TAX-AMOUNT MULTIPLY OLD-BUDGET-AMOUNT BY BUDGET-INCREASE GIVING NEW-BUDGET-AMOUNT

9. Divide Statement DIVIDE {identifier-1 / literal-1} INTO {identifier-2 [ROUNDED] } … DIVIDE TOTAL-UNITS INTO WORK-POINTS

10. Divide Statement DIVIDE {identifier-1 / literal-1} INTO {identifier-2 / literal-2} GIVING {identifier-3 [ROUNDED] } … DIVIDE TOTAL-UNITS INTO WORK-POINTS GIVING GRADE-POINT-AVERAGE ROUNDED

11. Divide Statement DIVIDE {identifier-1 / literal-1} INTO {identifier-2 / literal-2} GIVING identifier-3 REMAINDER identifier-4 DIVIDE 60 INTO TOTAL-TIME-SPENT GIVING WK-HOURS REMAINDER WK-MINUTES

12. Divide Statement DIVIDE {identifier-1 / literal-1} BY {identifier-2 / literal-2} GIVING {identifier-3 [ROUNDED] } … DIVIDE WORK-POINTS BY TOTAL-UNITS GIVING GRADE-POINT-AVERAGE ROUNDED

13. Divide Statement DIVIDE {identifier-1 / literal-1} BY {identifier-2 / literal-2} GIVING identifier-3 REMAINDER identifier-4 DIVIDE TOTAL-TIME-SPENT BY 60 GIVING WK-HOURS REMAINDER WK-MINUTES

14. Compute Statement COMPUTE {identifier-1 [ROUNDED]} … = arithmetic-expression COMPUTE NEW-BALANCE = BALANCE-FORWARD + CURRENT-PURCHASES + SERVICE-CHARGE - TOTAL-PAYMENT COMPUTE INTEREST = PRINCIPAL * RATE * YEARS / 100

15. Compute Statement Operator SymbolsOperation +Addition -Subtraction *Multiplication /Division **Exponentiation Order of Operations COMPUTE X = A – B / C + D * E (must include the spaces)

16. ON SIZE ERROR Phrase Add X To Y Giving Z On Size Error Display ' Result too large' Not On Size Error Perform Calc-Para End-Add If sum of X and Y too large to store in Z, Display statement executed If Z large enough for result, Calc-Para is performed ADD NEW-AMOUNTS TO TOTAL-AMOUNT ON SIZE ERROR PERFORM 999-SIZE-ERROR NOT ON SIZE ERROR PERFORM 200-NORMAL END-ADD