1. OSApplication Software perangkat lunak: merupakan program-program komputer yang berguna untuk menjalankan suatu pekerjaan sesuai dengan yang dikehendaki. Program tersebut ditulis dengan bahasa khusus yang dimegerti oleh komputer Software yang berfungsi untuk mengaktifkan seluruh perangkat yang terpasang pada komputer sehingga masing-masing dapat berkomunikasi. Tanpa ada sistem operasi maka komputer tidak dapat difungsikan sama sekali Software yang khusus melakukan pekerjaan tertentu, misalnya aplikasi pengolah kata, spreadsheet, presentasi, internet browser

2. Operating Systems What are the functions of an operating system? Next p. 392 Fig. 8-1 monitor performance provide a user interface provide file management and other utilities establish an Internet connection control a network administer security start the computermanage programs schedule jobs and configure devices manage memory

3. Operating Systems What is a cross-platform application? Next p. 393 Operating System/ Platform A Operating System/ Platform B Operating System/ Platform C Operating System/ Platform D Application  Runs identically on multiple operating systems  Operating system that computer uses is sometimes called the platform

4. Operating System Functions What is booting? Next p. 394 Fig. 8-2  Cold boot Turning on computer that has been powered off  Warm boot Restarting computer that is powered on Warm boot from Windows desktop Warm boot from system unit  Process of starting or restarting a computer

5. Operating System Functions What messages display on the screen when you boot the computer? Next p. 394 Fig. 8-3

6. Operating System Functions How does a personal computer boot up? Next p. 395 Fig. 8-4 Step 1. Power supply sends signal to com- ponents in system unit Step 4. Results of POST are compared with data in CMOS chip Step 2. Processor accesses BIOS to start computer Step 3. BIOS runs tests, called the POST, to check components such as mouse, keyboard, and adapter cards Step 5. BIOS looks for system files in floppy disk drive or CD/DVD drive, and then hard disk Step 6. Kernel (core) of operating system loads into RAM Step 7. Operating system loads configuration information and displays desktop on screen

7. Operating System Functions What is a user interface? Next p. 398 Fig. 8-6 command-line interfacemenu-driven interface  Controls how you enter data and instructions and how information displays on screen

8. Operating System Functions What is a graphical user interface (GUI)? Next p. 398 Fig. 8-6  User interacts with menus and visual images such as icons and buttons

9.  Foreground contains program you are using  Background contains programs that are running but are not in use Operating System Functions What is single user/ multitasking? Next p. 399 Fig. 8-7  Working on two or more programs that reside in memory at same time

10. Has duplicate components such as processors, memory, and disk drives Enables two or more users to run programs simultaneously Continues to operate when one of its components fails Operating System Functions What are other program management features of operating systems? Next p. 400 Can support two or more processors running programs at same time fault-tolerant computer multiuser multiprocessing

11. Operating System Functions What is memory management? Next p. 400 Fig. 8-8 Step 1. The operating system transfers the least recently used data and program instructions to disk because memory is needed for other functions. Step 2. The operating system transfers data and program instructions from disk to memory when they are needed.  Optimizing use of random access memory (RAM)  With virtual memory (VM), portion of hard disk is allocated to function as RAM

12. Operating System Functions How does an operating system schedule jobs? Next p. 401 Transferring items between storage and memory Sending information to output device Processing instructions Receiving data from input device Adjusts schedule based on job’s priority A job is operation the processor manages

13. Operating System Functions What is spooling? Next p. 401 Fig. 8-9  Sending print jobs to buffer instead of directly to printer  Print jobs line up in queue

14. Operating System Functions What is a device driver? Next p. 402 Device Driver Program that tells operating system how to communicate with device With Plug and Play, operating system automatically configures new devices as you install them Also called driver Also called driver

15. Operating System Functions How do you install a device driver? Next p. 402 Fig. 8-10 Step 1. Open Control Panel window. Point to Printers and Other Hardware link. Step 2. Click Printers and Other Hardware link. Point to Add a printer link. Step 3. Click Add a printer link. Follow on-screen instructions. Step 4. Add Printer Wizard searches for Plug and Play printers on your computer. If it finds any such printers, it installs them. Step 5. If Add Printer Wizard cannot find any Plug and Play printers, you can select type of printer you want to install. An on-screen prompt may ask you to insert floppy disk, CD-ROM or DVD-ROM that contains necessary driver files to complete the installation of printer.

16. Operating System Functions How do you establish an Internet connection? Next p. 403 Fig. 8-11  Windows XP includes New Connection Wizard  Guides user through setting up connection between computer and Internet

17. Operating System Functions How does an operating system monitor performance? Next p. 404 Fig. 8-12  Provides program, called performance monitor, that assesses and reports information about system resources and devices

18. Operating System Functions What is a network operating system? Next p. 404 Fig. 8-13  Allows users to share printer, Internet access, files, and programs on a network  Administers security by establishing user name and password for each user

19. Operating System Utility Programs What is a utility program? Next p. 405 Fig. 8-14  System software that performs maintenance-type tasks  Also called utility

20. Operating System Utility Programs What is a file manager? Next p. 406 Figs. 8-15–8-16  Performs functions such as copying, renaming, deleting, and moving files  Image viewer displays contents of graphics file when you double click on it

21. Operating System Utility Programs What is a disk scanner? Next p. 407 Fig. 8-17  Detects and corrects problems on hard disk or floppy disk  Searches for and removes unnecessary files

22. Operating System Utility Programs What is a disk defragmenter? Next p. 407 Fig. 8-18 file before defragmenting fragmented disk file after defragmenting  Reorganizes files and unused space on hard disk so programs run faster

23. Operating System Utility Programs What is a diagnostic utility? Next p. 408 Fig. 8-19  Compiles technical information about hardware and some software  Prepares report outlining problems

24. Operating System Utility Programs What is a backup utility? Next p. 408 Fig. 8-20  Copies selected files or entire hard disk onto another disk or tape  Most compress files during backup to require less storage space

25. Operating System Utility Programs What is a screen saver? Next p. 408 Fig. 8-21  Causes monitor’s screen to display moving image or blank screen if there is no activity for a specified time  To secure computer, user configures screen saver to require password to deactivate

26. Stand-alone Types of Operating Systems What are three categories of operating systems? Next p. 409 Embedded Network

27. Stand-Alone Operating Systems What is DOS (Disk Operating System)? Next p. 410 D Developed in early 1980s for personal computers O Used command-line interface when first developed, later included menus S Hardly used today because it does not offer GUI

28. Stand-Alone Operating Systems How do Windows versions compare? Next p. 410 Windows VersionYear Released Windows 3.x1990 Windows NT 3.11993 Windows 951995 Windows NT Workstation 4.01996 Windows 981998 Windows Millennium Edition 2000 Windows 2000 Professional2000 Windows XP2001

29.  Microsoft’s fastest, most reliable Windows operating system Stand-Alone Operating Systems What is Windows XP? Next p. 410 Fig. 8-24  Available in five editions: Home Edition, Professional Edition, Tablet PC Edition, Media Center Edition, and 64-bit Edition

30. Windows XP Features Appearance and Performance Administration Help and Support Communications and the Web Digital Media Stand-Alone Operating Systems What are some features of Windows XP? Next p. 411

31. Stand-Alone Operating Systems What is Mac OS X? Next p. 413 Fig. 8-27  Available only for computers manufactured by Apple  Macintosh operating system has been model for most GUIs

32. Stand-Alone Operating Systems What is UNIX? Next p. 413 Fig. 8-28  Used by power users because of its flexibility and power  Most versions offer GUI  Both a stand-alone and a network operating system

33. Stand-Alone Operating Systems What is Linux? Next p. 414 Fig. 8-29 Red Hat provides a version of Linux called Red Hat Linux. The GNOME graphical user interface is shown in this example.  Popular, free, multitasking UNIX-type operating system  Open-source software e — code is available to public  Both a stand-alone and a network operating system

34. Network Operating Systems What are examples of network operating systems? Next p. 415 NetWare Designed for client/server networks Windows Server 2003 Upgrade to Windows 2000 Server Linux Multi-purpose operating system Solaris  Version of UNIX developed by Sun Microsystems  Specifically for e-commerce applications

35. Embedded Operating Systems What is an embedded operating system? Next p. 416 Fig. 8-30  Found on most mobile computers, PDAs, and other small devices  Windows CE.NET is scaled-down version of Windows

36. Embedded Operating Systems What are two operating systems for PDAs? Next p. 417 Figs. 8-31–8-32  Windows Mobile 2003 for Pocket PC  Palm OS for Palm, Visor, and CLIE

37. Computer Applications in Society What are some examples of computer applications in society? p. 33 Figs. 1-42–1-49 Next  Education  Finance  Government  Healthcare  Science  Publishing  Travel  Industry

38. Application Software

39. What is application software?  Programs that perform specific tasks for users p. 132 Fig. 3-1 Next

40. Application Software How is software distributed? p. 132 Fig. 3-2  Packaged software  Custom software  Shareware, distributed free for trial period  Freeware, copyrighted software provided at no cost  Public-domain software, freeware with no copyright restrictions Next

41. Application Software What is system software? p. 133 Fig. 3-3 Next  Programs that control the operations of the computer  Serves as the interface between the user, the application software, and the computer’s hardware

42. Application Software How do you start an application? p. 134 Fig. 3-4 Start buttonAll Programs Application  From the desktop, click the Start button, point to All Programs, and click the name of the application  The program’s instructions load into memory Next

43. Graphics and Multimedia Software What are some popular graphics and multimedia software products? p. 150 Fig. 3-21 Next

44. Graphics and Multimedia Software What is computer-aided design (CAD)? p. 151 Fig. 3-22 Next  Software that allows you to create engineering, architectural, and scientific designs

45. Graphics and Multimedia Software What is desktop publishing software? p. 151 Fig. 3-23 Next  Enables you to design and produce sophisticated documents that contain text, graphics, and brilliant colors

46. Graphics and Multimedia Software What is paint/image editing software? p. 152 Fig. 3-24 Next  Used to create and modify graphical images  Sometimes called illustration software

47. Graphics and Multimedia Software What is video and audio editing software? p. 153 Fig. 3-25 Next  Video editing software allows you to modify a segment of a video, called a clip  Audio editing software allows you to modify audio clips

48. Graphics and Multimedia Software What is multimedia authoring software? p. 153 Fig. 3-26 Next  Allows you to combine text, graphics, audio, video, and animation into an interactive presentation

49. Chemistry Software  ChemOffice http://www.cambridgesoft.com/ http://www.cambridgesoft.com/  Hyperchem http://www.hyper.com http://www.hyper.com  Gaussian http://www.gaussian.com http://www.gaussian.com  Computer Aided Drug Design (CADD)  WebMo (http://www.webmo.net)http://www.webmo.net

50.  Computational Chemistry List (http://www.ccl.net)  Software  Forum Diskusi  Lowongan Pekerjaan