1. Mesopotamia Unit

2.  Settled community, w/ domesticated plants/animals  Could support large populations ◦ As population increase, so did complexity  One earliest village Catal Huyuk

3.  Sumer 1 st civilization ◦ 5000 BCE develop city states S. Mesopotamia ◦ Invented wheel, buildings, irrigation systems, plow, bronze weapons, writing (cuneiform) ◦ Important:  Each city state independent  City states fought o/ irrigable land & trading rights ◦ Future leaders would try unite lands/people into empire

5.  “Land b/t Rivers” ◦ Tigris & Euphrates  Flood April-June  Modern day Iraq  Arid climate ◦ Very hot & dry, little rainfall ◦ Regional differences however  Resources ◦ Had water & fertile soil = “gifts” ◦ Lacked stone, timber, copper, tin, iron, gold  Encouraged foreign trade  Geography/Climate caused people have pessimistic attitude

6.  Akkad ◦ Sargon the Great  Babylonia ◦ Hammurabi  Assyria ◦ Assurnasirpal ◦ Sennacherib ◦ Esarhaddon ◦ Assurbanipal  Babylonia II ◦ Nabopolassar ◦ Nebuchsdnezzar

7.  How has geography played a role in the development of Mesopotamia?  What are the similarities/differences b/t ancient and modern Mesopotamian leaders?  How have the people been affected by the leaders of Mesopotamia (past and present)?

8. Hammurabi Code Project

9.  282 percepts/laws  Dealt w/ social, family issues

10.  Step #1: ◦ Analyze Hammurabi’s Code and Answer Questions ◦ Hand in…  Step #2: ◦ Read topic articles and Answer Questions  Step #3 ◦ Create Poster and Presentation Speech  Step #4: ◦ Present Poster to class

11.  Healthcare  Criminal Justice System  Family Life  Jobs  Slaves  Military

12. 1. Was Hammurabi’s form of justice fair? 2. Were the laws appropriate for their time period? 3. Do you think these laws were actively followed and enforced? 4. Should laws promote punishment or reform?

14.  Polytheistic ◦ Belief many gods  Anthropomorphic ◦ Human-like characteristics  Had human emotions ◦ Compassionate, cruel  Also envisioned darker powers (demons/monsters)

15. Pazuzu Lamashtu Huwawa

16. 1. An/Anu ◦ Father of Gods; God of Sky 2. Enlil ◦ God of Air 3. Utu/Shamash ◦ Sun God; God of Truth and Justice 4. Nanna/Sin ◦ Moon God 5. Inanna/Ishtar ◦ Goddess of Love and War 6. Ninhursag ◦ Mother Earth 7. Enki/Ea ◦ God of Fresh Waters; God of Magic, Wisdom, Arts 8. Marduk ◦ National God of Babylon

17.  Tiered temple made of mud-bricks  Dwellings places of the gods ◦ Each city-state had a patron god  Only priests permitted inside ziggurat

18.  In earliest days, King chief priest  Later professional priesthoods  Various duties: ◦ Ritual slaughter animals ◦ Interpret omens ◦ Singing songs ◦ Provide regular offerings of food and refreshments to deity

19.  Practice of women offering sex for pay on the sacred grounds of the Temple of Ishtar

20.  Participated public festivals  Tried to predict “heaven’s will”  Exorcism

23.  No notion of an afterlife where the good were rewarded  Life after Death was dismal and bleak ◦ “Land of No Return” What then was the incentive for living a pious life?

25. Buddhas of BamiyanPyramid Menkaure

26. Mosel MuseumTemple Bel

27. 4 Horses St. MarksThe Amber Room