1. The Counter Reformation 1530s-1648 The Catholic Church’s Response to the Protestant Reformation

2. Catholic Tactics 1. Reform the Church from within Council of Trent 2. Stop the Spread of Protestantism (with water torture) :

3. Ignatius of Loyola  Born of Spanish nobility, 1491  He was originally a knight.  In 1521, a cannonball shattered his leg.

4. Ignatius Loyola  During his recovery, he dedicated his life to the Church  Pilgrimage to Holy Land  Founded the Society of Jesus: Jesuits  (to right) Manresa, Chapel in the Cave of Saint Ignatius, where Ignatius practiced asceticism

5. The Jesuits  Founded by Ignatius Loyola in 1540  Promoted education  Missionary work  Cared for poor and sick  Tried to convert people in other lands  Ingenious contraptions Ignatius Loyola

6. Jesuit Inventions

7. What does this quote by Loyola mean? “We should always […] believe that that which appears white is really black, if […] the Church so decides. ”

8. Reform Within the Church  The Council of Trent (1545-1563)  3 meetings to reform and define church teaching  Reforms:  Bishops must live where they serve  Restricted the selling of indulgences  Refocused the church on helping the poor

9. Council of Trent 3 Meetings over 18 years

10. Council of Trent  Teachings of Protestantism rejected:  Faith + good works = salvation  Church traditions = to the Bible  Pope is supreme leader  Man has free will to choose or reject God  Nobody is predestined to heaven or H-E double hockey sticks….

11. Do James and Paul contradict each other? James 2:15-17 If a brother or sister is ill- clad and in lack of daily food, and one of you says to them, "Go in peace, be warmed and filled," without giving them the things needed for the body, what does it profit? So faith by itself, if it has no works, is dead. Ephesians 2:8-9 For by grace you have been saved through faith; and this is not your own doing, it is the gift of God—not because of works, lest any man should boast.

12. James’ “good works” are caring for the poor and sick Paul’s “works” were rituals of Judaism, like eating only kosher food or making sacrifices

13. Stopping the Spread of Protestantism  Index (List) of Banned Books  Created in 1559 by Pope to prevent heresy  Banned Protestant books  Banned books List:  http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/index librorum.asp http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/index librorum.asp

14. Stopping the Spread of Protestantism The Inquisition often used the Auto-da- fe: “Act of Faith”, a public trial that was usually followed by torture or execution

15. Was the Counter- Reformation a success? The Church did not win back man who had converted to Protestantism… …but it began to lose its reputation for corruption, and Catholicism spread widely through missionary work. Titian’s portrait of Pope Paul III

16. Europe in 1555

17. Based on the divisions on the preceding map, can you predict what will happen in Europe next? Members of different churches do battle