1. FEDERALISM How the Constitution divides powers between the central government and regional governments (states)

2. MAKE A THREE COLUMN CHART  What decisions do you believe your parents or guardians should make for you?  What decisions should you be able to make yourself?  What decisions should be made cooperatively?

3. DIVISION OF POWER  Both the national government and the states have powers under the federal system.  The Constitution divides these powers between the two levels of government.  This division of power was implied in the Constitution but then specifically stated with the 10 th Amendment.  It produces a dual system of government allowing States to handle local matters and gives unity to the United States by giving power to the federal government.

4. DIVISION OF POWER

5. DELEGATED POWERS  Powers specifically given to the National government.  types of Delegated powers:  Expressed or Enumerated: Powers that are clearly written in the Constitution that are given to the National Government.  Examples:  **Article I, Sect 8. Lists 18 separate clauses which includes 27 different powers.  **Article II, Sect. 2. Grants the President the powers of Commander in Chief, to grant pardons (legal forgiveness) and reprieves (postponements of an execution).  **Article III grants the judicial power of the U.S. to the Supreme Court.  **Amendment 16- gives Congress right to levy income tax.

6. DELEGATED POWERS  Implied Powers: Those not expressly stated are suggested by the expressed powers.  The Constitution is vague, allows for Federal government to interpret “implied powers” to carry out enumerated powers.  Examples:  **Article I, Sect. 8, Clause 18: Necessary and Proper Clause (Elastic Clause)  Congress had made federal crimes of such acts as moving stolen goods across state lines; prohibited racial discrimination in access to restaurants, hotels, and etc.

7. DELEGATED POWERS  Inherent Powers: These powers belong to the national government because it is a sovereign state (nation) in the world community.  Examples:  **power to regulate immigration, to deport aliens, to acquire territory, to give diplomatic, recognition to other states

8. POWERS DENIED (OR NOT GRANTED) TO THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT  The Constitution limits the power of the National Government in three distinct ways.  Expressed denials in the Constitution.  These can be found in the Constitution in Article 1 Section 9 and through 1 st - 8 th Amendment.  The silence of the Constitution.  If it’s not “delegated” to them, the Federal government is not given the power.

9. POWERS DENIED (OR NOT GRANTED) TO THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT  By definition, it is how Federalism works. The Constitution doesn’t want to threaten the existence of Federalism so it limits the Federal government’s powers and gives all other powers to the States.  Reserved powers: (10 th Amendment) Powers not granted to the federal government nor prohibited to the States by the Constitution are reserved to the States or to the people.  Powers denied to the states in Article 1 section 10. EX: cannot enter into treaties, alliances, or confederations.

10. CONCURRENT POWERS  Powers that belong to both the National and state governments but they’re exercised independently.  Examples:  **power to lay and collect taxes, to define crimes and set punishments, to exercise eminent domain.