1. Princes Nora Bint Abdul Rahman University Dept. of Computer & Information Sciences CS 321 Computer Organization & Assembly Language Lecture 1 (Course Introduction)

2. Course Introduction Instructor: Sarah AL-Hammad Location: Room no. 2027 ( 2 nd floor) e-mail: smalhammad@pnu.edu.sa Credit Hours: 3 Course web site: http://cs321.yolasite.com

3. Course Introduction Text Book Part I: Microprocessor Theory and Applications with 68000/68020 and Pentium by M.RAFIQUZZAMAN,WILEY,2008 Text Book Part II: -IBM PC Assembly Language and Programming, by Peter Abel,2001 -Assembly language step by step, by Jeff Duntemann,1992 Alternative: Assembly Language Programming and Organization of the IBM PC, Ytha Yu and Charles Marut

4. Course Introduction Course Assessment Note: NO MAKEUP EXAM/QUIZ WILL BE TAKEN ZERO WILL BE GIVEN TO STUDENTS WHO COPY ASSIGNMENTS AssessmentAssessment Task Week DueProportion of Final Assessment 1 Major exam 1 Week 710% 2 Major exam 2 Week 1215 % 3 Project Week 11 5% 4 Lab exercise and Quizzes Every Week5 % 5 Programming Homework Every 2 Weeks5 % 6 Final Lab End of Semester 20% 7 Final exam End of Semester 40%

5. Course Introduction Lecture Outline Part I: Computer Organization Part II: Assembly Language Reading: Class Notes

6. Part I: Computer Organization Main hardware components and their relation to the software. What the computer does when it executes an instruction. Course Introduction - Part I: Computer Organization

7. Part I: Topics to be covered Introduction to computer organization Processors Memory Organization Memory hierarchies Input/output Buses DMA Interrupts Reading and writing operations Course Introduction - Part I: Computer Organization

8. = Machine that can solve problems HOW? YOU tell it what to do~~ IN A PROGRAM!!!

9. 0010100110101001001 1101011011110100101 1101101010000100110 1000001001001001101 A collection of instructions. The instructions are a series of 1’s and zero’s that control the internal circuitry of the processor. The instructions are written in a language called: Machine Language

10. Difficult and tedious for people to use because of simplicity A large gap between what is convenient for People and what for computers People want to do X but computers limitation is only to Y

11.  General Architecture allows multiple programs to run  Large, complex components to interact  Too tedious to write all this in machine code!!! Processor Control unitDatapath ALU Registers IRPC Controller Memory I/O Control /Status

12. Course Introduction - Part II: Assembly Language Machine Language Assembly Language High-Level Language Ex.Ex. Ex. 10100001 00000000 00000000MOV AX,A A = A + 4 00000101 00000100 00000000ADD AX,4 10100011 00000000 00000000MOV A,AX Collection of binarySymbolic form of machine Combines algebraic numberslanguage (I.e. symbolic expressions & symbols taken names are used to represent from English language operations, registers & (ex. Pascal, COBOL memory locations FORTRAN, …etc) Part II: Assembly Language Computer languages

13. Course Introduction - Part II: Assembly Language Computer languages (Continue) Not standard (I.e. differentNot standard (I.e. different Standard (I.e. programs are machine language forassembly language for independent of the machine every type of machineevery type of machine) on which they will be executed) Machine Language Assembly Language High-Level Language Directly understood by aAssembler Compiler (or interpreter) computerconverts to machine converts to machine language 1 assembly language 1 HLL instruction = many instruction = 1 machine machine language language instruction instructions

14. Advantages of Assembly Language Performance: A well-written Assembly language program produces a faster, shorter machine language program. For Some applications speed and size is critical Course Introduction - Part II: Assembly Language Access to hardware: Some operations, such as reading or writing to specific memory locations & I/O ports can be done easily in Assembly but may be impossible by a higher level language. Studying ASM language gain a feeling of the way the computer thinks and the way things happen inside the computer.