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Sound Chapter 15.1. Properties of Sound Sound waves – Longitudinal Waves – Caused by vibrations – Carry energy outward, which hit your ear.

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Presentation on theme: "Sound Chapter 15.1. Properties of Sound Sound waves – Longitudinal Waves – Caused by vibrations – Carry energy outward, which hit your ear."— Presentation transcript:

1 Sound Chapter 15.1

2 Properties of Sound Sound waves – Longitudinal Waves – Caused by vibrations – Carry energy outward, which hit your ear

3 Speed of Sound Speed is determined by the medium! Sound waves  mechanical  rely on a medium (particles) for transfer of energy Speed of sound fastest in solids, then liquids, then gas

4 Loudness Loudness is determined by the intensity of sound waves (rate at which waves transmit energy through an area) Intensity measured in decibels, dB Quietest sound humans can hear  0 dB Constant exposure to 120 dB and above can cause permanent deafness

5 Pitch Pitch  measure of how high or low a sound is – Pitch is related to the frequency of sound waves – High pitch = high frequency (more # vibrations) – Low pitch = low frequency (low # vibrations)

6 Frequency Range Humans hear sound waves in a limited frequency range: 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz Sound below 20 Hz is known as infrasound Sound above 20 Hz is known as ultrasound

7 Hearing The ear  senses vibrations, amplifies (increases) them, and transmits the signals to the brain Three regions vibrations pass through: outer, middle, and inner Eardrum  sends vibrations to inner ear to the cochlea Brain interprets vibrations from cochlea

8 Sonar Sounds can be reflected and come bounce back to you (ex: echoes!) Sonar uses reflection for navigation SONAR  Sound Navigation and Ranging  a system that uses acoustic signals and echo returns to determine the location of objects or to communicate

9 Sonar Sonar determines distances by measuring the time it takes for sound waves to be reflected back from a surface Ultrasound waves (frequencies above 20,000 Hz) work well with bat sonar because of the fast traveling waves  help bats to navigate and locate food!

10 Ultrasound imaging in medicine Ultrasound can be used to produce sonograms (pictures of a baby inside the body) Frequencies are sent in and reflected back to determine where the fetus is and the positioning

11 Sound Check!


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