1. Containers Jason Goffeney 2/23/2006

2. Containers The STL is a standard part of probably all C++ implementations It features implementations of most of the handy basic container classes, such as, linked lists, vectors, and hashes. Qt also implements many of these containers as well as many more. STL classes will work with any C++ code while Qt classes will only work with Qt/C++ code.

3. Containers How to include in your program. –STL classes use C++ style includes (which means you leave the.h off its header file). #include –Qt 4.0 classes also use C++ style include but also have capitalization #include

4. Containers How to include in your program. –Note: STL classes are in the std namespace which means that you usually need to prepend std:: to each STL keyword when using it std::vector newVector –If you want to avoid doing this then follow your STL includes with using namespace std; #include Using namespace std;

5. Containers Both STL and Qt containers are designed as templates which take a class or struct as a parameter for their declaration. For example, suppose you have a class called Point and want to make a list of points –STL: list pointList; –Qt: QList pointList;

6. Containers This will also work for primitive types such as int, float, char, etc. –STL: list pointList; –Qt: QList floatList; If you want to create them as pointers than you can do that too. –STL: list * pointList = new list (); –Qt: QList * floatList = new QList ();

7. Containers: Style Notes If a container will need to exist outside of the scope of a single function then it is generally declared in the class definition in the header file (usually in the private section). For a non-pointer container then you are done and can just use it in the rest of your code. For a pointer declare it in the header and create the container in the constructor of the source file. –In Header: QVector * ptList; –In Constructor: ptList = new QVector ();

8. Containers: Style Notes For the remainder of this I will likely assume non-pointers and use a “.” to show access to methods of the containers. But pointers are useful and speed up passing containers into functions. The take home point though is that “->” is used to access methods from pointers.

9. Containers: Vector Vectors are simple dynamically expandable and collapsible lists. Operations: –Construct: STL: vector myVector; Qt: QVector myVector; –Add an element to the end STL: myVector.push_back(5.34); Qt: myVector.append(5.34);

10. Containers: Vector Operations: –Insert (position, item): STL, Qt: myVector.insert(2, 4.35); –Remove an element (position): STL: myVector.erase(5); Qt: myVector.remove(5); –Access an element (position): STL/Qt: float f1 = myVector.at(3); myVector.at(0) = 3.67;

11. Containers: Vector Operations: –Get current size of vector STL, Qt: int size = myVector.size(); –Get first element STL, Qt: float first = myVector.front(); –Get last element STL, Qt: float first = myVector.back();

12. Containers: Vector Operations: –Iterating through a vector There are two ways to iterate through vectors –The old way: for(i = 0; i < myVector.size(); i++) { printf( “The float is %f\n”, myVector.at(i)); } –Problem: If you remove elements from the list while iterating bad things may happen

13. Containers: Vector STL Iterators: vector myIntVector; vector ::iterator myIntVectorIterator; //Iterator object for list // Add some elements to myIntVector myIntVector.push_back(1); myIntVector.push_back(4); myIntVector.push_back(8); for(myIntVectorIterator = myIntVector.begin(); myIntVectorIterator != myIntVector.end(); myIntVectorIterator++) { cout<<*myIntVectorIterator<<" "; //Should output 1 4 8 }

14. Containers: Vector Qt Iterators: QVector vector;... QVectorIterator i(vector); while (i.hasNext()) { cout << i.next(); }

15. Containers: Vector These are a few of the ways it is possible to manipulate STL and Qt Vector containers. Look at their references to learn more.

16. Other Containers: Lists – Doubly linked list that support faster insertions and deletions than vector. Hashes – A container that stores and retrieves an item by a key. Allows for very fast lookups of items but only a single item can be stored per key Multihash – Like a hash except multiple objects can be stored per key with Stacks, Queues, etc…

17. Example One of the basic model formats is the Alias.obj format. It defines a list of vertex coordinates and then a list of faces and the indices of the vertices that compose them. 0. (0,0) 1. (50,0) 3. (50,50)2. (0,50) Vertices v 0 0 v 50 0 v 0 50 v 50 50 Face f 0 1 2 f 1 3 2

18. Example I want a way to store my simple model use later. So I need to make some classes or structures. s are simple to represent as a couple of Integers. (Note: the QPoint class already exists in Qt). struct Point2i { //A point that holds 2 integer values int x, y; };

19. Example I want a way to store my simple model use later. So I need to make some classes or structures. Vertices are simple to represent as a couple of Integers. (Note: the QPoint class already exists in Qt). class Vertex2i { public: //Constructor Vertex2i(int xi, int yi)(x = xi; y = yi;} //A point that holds 2 integer values int x, y; };

20. Example A face can be composed of any number of vertices so a list of point indices could be useful here. class Face { public: //A face holds ? vertices vector vertices; };

21. Example I will load my vertices into a vector of vertices. vector vertexList; Vertex2i v0(0,0); Vertex2i v1(50,0); Vertex2i v2(0,50); Vertex2i v3(50,50); vertexList.push_back(v0); vertexList.push_back(v1); vertexList.push_back(v2); vertexList.push_back(v3);

22. Example I will build my Faces and load them into a list as well. vector faceList; Face f1; f1.vertices.push_back(0); f1.vertices.push_back(1); f1.vertices.push_back(2); Face f2; f2.vertices.push_back(1); f2.vertices.push_back(3); f2.vertices.push_back(2); faceList.push_back(f1); faceList.push_back(f2);

23. Example Now I want to draw the faces. for(int j = 0; j < faceList.size(); j++) { glBegin(GL_LINE_LOOP); //Start drawing vector tempList = faceList.at(j).vertices; for(int m = 0; m < tempList.size(); m++) { int vIdx = tempList.at(m); glVertex2i( vertexList.at(vIdx).x, vertexList.at(vIdx).y); } glEnd(); //Stop drawing }

24. Example If you want to try it: –Put the Vertex2i and Face class definitions in the top of your GLWidget.h below the includes. –Declare the vectors in your GLWidget class with the appropriate includes. –In the GLWidget constructor put all the loading code –In the GLWidget paintGL method put the drawing code right below the glClear statement

25. Example Generally, a model will be loaded from a file which makes the vector filling less tedious. Notice that by adding a z coordinate to he Vertex class this will easily handle 3D models as well.