1. Fundamentals of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

2. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) : discovered by F. Block and E. Purcell in 1946 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) : discovered by F. Block and E. Purcell in 1946 Standard spectroscopic technique Standard spectroscopic technique NMR Imaging : P. Lauterbur(1973), P. Mansfield (1973), and R. Damadian(1971). NMR Imaging : P. Lauterbur(1973), P. Mansfield (1973), and R. Damadian(1971). Introduction

3. Angular Momentum ： Type ： Type ：  Orbital  Spin Nuclear spin ； I Nuclear spin ； I  The spin of unpaired neutrons or protons. 1. I = 0 ； nuclei with even numbers of protons and neutron. 2. I = ± (1/2)n （ n is an integer ）； Net nuclear angular momentum La ： angular momentum m ： mass v ： velocity

4. 體內各核種的相對靈敏度 spin r /2 π (MHz/T) 自然產率 ( %) 體內含量相對靈敏度 1H1H1H1H1/242.5899.98100M1 13 C 1/210.711.10810mM 3 ×10 -3 14 N 13.0899.6310mM 2 ×10 -7 19 F 1/240.0510010mM 9 ×10 -5 23 Na 3/211.2610080mM 1 ×10 -3 31 P 1/217.2310010mM 4 ×10 -5 39 K 3/21.9993.145mM 1 ×10 -4

5. 磁偶極矩 (Magnetic Dipole Moment) 磁偶極矩 ( 磁矩； M) 磁偶極矩 ( 磁矩； M) 質子自旋產生磁矩 質子自旋產生磁矩 r : 旋磁比 (gryomagnetic ratio) I : 核自旋 (nuclear spin) 1 H 、 13 C 、 19 F 、 23 Na 、 31 P 1 H 、 13 C 、 19 F 、 23 Na 、 31 P

9. Larmor equation Larmor frequency ： ω Larmor frequency ： ω 1.5 Tesla 下氫原子核的旋進頻率為 63.866MHz

16. T1 curve

20. T2 decay curve

29. Image Characteristics SNR SNR SNR Resolution Resolution Resolution Time Time Time Relaxation Effects Relaxation Effects Relaxation Effects Relaxation Effects Trade Offs Trade Offs Trade Offs Trade Offs

30. MRI Artifacts Chemical Shift Artifacts Aliasing Black Boundary Artifacts Gibbs or Truncation Artifacts Zipper Artifacts Phase-encoded Motion Artifacts Entry Slice Phenomenon Slice-overlap Artifacts Magic Angle Effects Moire Fringes RF Overflow Artifacts Central Point Artifact Susceptibility Artifacts Zero-fill Artifact (Zebra Artifact)

31. Chemical Shift Artifacts

32. Aliasing or "Wrap-around "

33. Electronics and Data Processing

36. Coil

40. Angiography DSA DSA

49. MRA

50. CT angiography

51. 3D TOF MRA MIP SSD

52. 3D CE-MRA MIP SSD

53. DWI and PWI Diffusion weighted imaging Diffusion weighted imaging Perfusion weighted imaging Perfusion weighted imaging

54. MRS

55. Coronary MRA Breath-hold 3D CE-MRA of coronary arteries. Breath-hold 3D CE-MRA of coronary arteries. (a) 2D(b) 3D

56. MR Breast Imaging

57. Abdomen Flash T1 Flash T1 Haste T2 Haste T2

58. MRA 3D CE-MRA 3D CE-MRA

59. SMV and Portal vein

60. MRCP

61. MRCP

62. MRCP

63. kidneys

64. Renal a. 3D CE-MRA

66. MRU

67. MRU rare 3D CE-MRA

68. Angiography

70. Summary Non-ionizing radiation Non-ionizing radiation Minimally invasive （ or non-invasive ） Minimally invasive （ or non-invasive ） Excellent soft-tissue contrast Excellent soft-tissue contrast Imaging in any arbitrary plane Imaging in any arbitrary plane Functional imaging Functional imaging