1. Satellite Basics MAC Smog Blog Training CATHALAC, Panama, Sept 11-12, 2008 Jill Engel-Cox & Erica Zell Battelle Memorial Institute engelcoxj@battelle.org, 703-875-2144 zelle@battelle.org, 703-236-1420

2. U.S. Ambient Air Monitoring lNational Ambient Air Quality Standards  Carbon monoxide, lead, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur oxides, particulate matter (PM 10 and PM 2.5 ), and ozone lTypical Real-time Monitors  Hourly Ozone (ppb)  Hourly PM 2.5 (  g / m 3 ) lConverted to health-based air quality index (AQI) lAvailable on U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s AIRNow website (http://www.airnow.gov)

3. Key NASA air quality satellite sensors Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)

4. How a Polar Orbiting Satellite orbits…

5. How a polar orbiting satellite orbits…

6. Satellite Data Available for Air Quality lMost useful for particulate matter (PM) lType of information relevant to PM:  True Color (Red, Green, Blue - RGB) - looks like a photograph but is data, shows haze, dust, & smoke  Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) - Non-dimensional measure of total column (satellite-ground) extinction lLimited but improving information on ground- level ozone, SO 2, CO, vertical distribution of PM lAll data is “free”, available globally

7. Engel-Cox, J. et.al. 2004. Atmospheric Environment. MODIS True Color Image 6 July 2002

8. Transport Case Study Illustration MODIS RGB L1B Image 25 June 2002 Sunglint Haze Cloud Data provided by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Image processed by Battelle using MODIS HDF Look.

9. MODIS Aerosol Optical Depth 25 June 2002 Data provided by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Image processed by Battelle using MODIS HDF Look.

10. Relation to Ground-based Data Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) vs. PM 2.5 (Ground)

11. Quantitative Analysis: PM 2.5 Concentrations vs. MODIS AOD Eastern U.S., April-September 2002 PM 2.5 (μg/m 3 ) = 23 AOD + 7 N=14,000 Aerosol Optical Depth (unitless) PM 2.5 (μg/m 3 ) IMPROVE Site Locations STN-M Site Locations 0.0 0.21.41.00.61.61.20.80.4 0 15 60 45 30 90 75 105 120 Engel-Cox, J. et.al. 2004. Atmospheric Environment.

13. Initial Correlations by Season Daily Fine Mass Winter Spring Summer Fall

14. Baltimore, MD Summer 2004 Old Town TEOM MODIS AOD MODIS Aerosol Optical Depth PM 2.5 (  g/m 3 ) Aug 10 Normal haze Aug 24 Transported haze July 9 High altitude smoke July 21 Mixed down smoke

15. Sources Sensor Site Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) http://modis-atmos.gsfc.nasa.gov/ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/ http://eosdb.ssec.wisc.edu/modisdirect/ Data Sites NASA Goddard Space Flight Center DAAChttp://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/ NASA Langley Atmospheric Sciences Data Center http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/ NASA Level 1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution Center https://ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov:8300/ Imagery Sites NASA Earth Observatoryhttp://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/ NASA Visible Earthhttp://visibleearth.nasa.gov/ NOAA Operational Significant Event Imagery U.S. Air Quality (“Smog Blog”) http://www.osei.noaa.gov/ http://alg.umbc.edu/usaq/

16. Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) IDEA: http://idea.ssec.wisc.edu/

17. MesoAmerica Aerosol Optical Depth from MODIS Sundar A. Christopher The University of Alabama in Huntsville lWeekly Composites of MODIS Aerosol Terra Optical Depth for 2007 lWeekly Composites from one satellite provides increases spatial coverage lFurther work will use data fusion approaches to combine both Terra and Aqua to fill in the gaps.

43. Questions?