1. Working in the family courts – a guardian’s perspective Court Skills Training for Social Workers Manchester Civil Justice Centre 20 November 2015 Presentation by David Delahunty, Children’s Guardian

2. Working in the family courts Purpose of family courts is to achieve good outcomes for children See process as an opportunity for scrutiny rather than criticism Opportunity to demonstrate the quality of your practice Judges recognise the challenges facing local authority social workers

3. Family Justice System Public law cases – over 11,000 care applications between April 2014 and March 2015 (increase of 5% from previous year) 19,350 children subject of care proceedings National average duration of a care case is 29 weeks (Greater Manchester average is 36 weeks) Private law cases – over 34,000 applications between April 2014 and March 2015 (decrease of 27% from previous year)

4. Family Justice Review (November 2011) – Findings Cases take too long Costs of the system are too high Organisational structures are complicated and overlapping Children and adults are confused by the process No clear sense of leadership or accountability Individuals and organisations across the different parts of the system too often do not trust each other No sense of shared objectives

5. Family Justice Review – Findings (2) Local authorities can wait too long before commencing proceedings Not always sufficiently focused on children’s timescales Impact of long-term neglect and emotional abuse underestimated Variable quality of local authority evidence Over-use of experts

6. Family Justice Review - Recommendations Care proceedings should be completed within 26 weeks other than in exceptional circumstances Court should substantially reduce its scrutiny of the detail of the care plan Court should focus on the core of the care plan Guardian’s primary focus should be at the start of a case Independent Reviewing Officer is best placed to oversee implementation of the care plan

7. Recent changes in Family Justice Single family court introduced in April 2014 Single point of entry for an application in each local area Each case allocated to the most appropriate level of judge Simplified process Expert evidence only to be ordered where the judge deems it necessary Legal aid reforms

8. Recent changes in public law cases Public Law Outline came into force in April 2014 Designed to improve case management Emphasis on work undertaken by local authorities at pre-proceedings stage Timetable for the child Decisions should be made with specific reference to child’s welfare When court considers a care plan it should focus on those issues essential to the decision

9. Re B-S 2013 Court of Appeal case Concerns cases involving a care plan of adoption Criticises quality of written evidence provided by social workers and guardians Reminder of good practice not a change in the law Does not mean that a court is unlikely to approve a plan of adoption

10. Children’s guardian Introduced following public inquiry into the death of Maria Colwell in January 1973 Independent scrutiny of local authority’s plans Appoints solicitor to represent child Considers outcome that would best promote the child’s welfare Ascertains child’s wishes and feelings Considers child’s participation in the proceedings

11. Guardians and social workers Importance of good communication Ensure guardian is made aware of any significant developments Nothing wrong with professional disagreement Try to resolve issues without the involvement of solicitors or the court

12. Child’s solicitor Appointed by the children’s guardian at the outset of the proceedings Usually an experienced family solicitor and member of the Children’s panel Advocates on behalf of the child during the proceedings Direct involvement with child will depend on the circumstances of the case Conflict between child’s solicitor and guardian

13. Presenting your case Written evidence – remember it is your statement not the local authority solicitor’s Submissions by your legal representative Oral evidence Questions from the court

14. Providing effective written evidence The better the written evidence the less likely the court will require oral evidence Oral evidence may be required to clarify issues or to address issues not covered in the written evidence

15. Preparation

16. Before the hearing Read the case papers carefully What are the key issues in the case? What are the weakest parts of your case? What questions are you likely to be asked in evidence? What support will you have at court?

17. Some practical issues Location of court Identity of judge Dress appropriately Be early Parking Demeanour outside the courtroom Discussions outside court

18. In the witness box (1) Swear or affirm? Stand or sit? Speak clearly but don’t shout Address the judge – know what to call the judge Establish eye contact – the judge is the person you are trying to convince not the advocates

19. In the witness box (2) Listen carefully to the question Take your time Don’t talk too fast Stay calm Don’t worry about aggressive cross- examination If you don’t understand the question say so You have to answer the question

20. A fair and credible witness Give consistent answers – if you’re asked the same question more than once just give the same answer Give a balanced picture Acknowledge the positives Be clear about your areas of responsibility Be ready to acknowledge any deficiencies in the management of the case