Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Chapter Presentation Transparencies Image and Math Focus Bank Bellringers Standardized Test Prep CNN Videos Visual Concepts Resources.

Similar presentations


Presentation on theme: "Chapter Presentation Transparencies Image and Math Focus Bank Bellringers Standardized Test Prep CNN Videos Visual Concepts Resources."— Presentation transcript:

1 Chapter Presentation Transparencies Image and Math Focus Bank Bellringers Standardized Test Prep CNN Videos Visual Concepts Resources

2 Table of Contents Section 1 Characteristics of Living Things Section 2 The Necessities of Life Chapter 2 It’s Alive!! Or Is It?

3 Section 1 Characteristics of Living Things Bellringer What are four living and nonliving things that you interact with every day? How do you know whether each is living or nonliving? Do you know what the word inanimate means? If so, write out a definition. Does nonliving mean the same thing as dead? Explain your answer. Write your answers in your science notebook. Chapter 2

4 Section 1 Characteristics of Living Things Objectives Describe the six characteristics of living things. Describe how organisms maintain stable internal conditions. Explain how asexual reproduction differs from sexual reproduction. Chapter 2

5

6 Section 1 Characteristics of Living Things Living Things Have Cells All living things are composed of one or more cells. A cell is a membrane-covered structure that contains all of the materials necessary for life. Some organisms are made up of only one cell and some are made up of trillions of cells. In an organism with many cells, different kinds of cells perform specialized functions. Chapter 2

7 Section 1 Characteristics of Living Things Living Things Sense and Respond to Change A stimulus is anything that causes a reaction or change in an organism or any part of an organism. Chapter 2

8 Section 1 Characteristics of Living Things Living Things Sense and Respond to Change Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment. Responding to External Change Organisms must respond to change in the external environment in order to maintain their homeostasis. Chapter 2

9 Section 1 Characteristics of Living Things Discussion! What do you do when you go outside and the air is cold? Feeling cold is a stimulus and your reaction to the cold is a response. How do people use technology to improve their ability to respond to environmental stimuli? examples: furnaces to heat buildings, air conditioners to cool buildings, and sunglasses to shield eyes from bright sunlight Chapter 2

10 Reading Check: How do some animals maintain homeostasis? They control their body temperature by moving from one environment to another. If they get too warm, they move to the shade. If they get too cool, they move out into the sunlight. Section 2.1 Characteristics of Living Things Chapter 2

11 Section 1 Characteristics of Living Things Living Things Reproduce Organisms make other organisms similar to themselves. In sexual reproduction, two parents produce offspring that will share characteristics of both parents. Chapter 2

12 Section 1 Characteristics of Living Things Living Things Reproduce Organisms make other organisms identical to themselves. In asexual reproduction, a single parent produces offspring that are identical to the parent. Chapter 2 (In the animal kingdom there are very few examples of asexual reproduction. The fact that animals have complex bodies makes it difficult for them to break into two or grow a bud. There are some examples amongst the simple animals. One good example is the Hydra which lives in freshwater ponds and streams. The Hydra shows budding similar to that of yeasts. An adult Hydra will develop a swelling on the side of its body. This will grow into a daughter bud. Eventually this daughter will grow tentacles and start to feed itself by catching small water animals. At this point it breaks off from the mother Hydra and floats freely until it lands on a support.)

13 Section 1 Characteristics of Living Things Chapter 2 Living Things Have DNA The cells of all living things contain the molecule deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA. DNA controls the structure and function of cells. The passing of traits through DNA is called heredity.

14 Section 1 Characteristics of Living Things Living Things Use Energy Chapter 2 Organisms use energy to carry out the activities of life. An organism’s metabolism is the total of all of the chemical activities that the organism performs.

15 Section 1 Characteristics of Living Things Living Things Grow and Develop All living things, whether they are made of one cell or many cells, grow during periods of their lives. Living things may develop and change as they grow. Chapter 2

16 Section 1 Characteristics of Living Things QUICK CHECK QUIZ!!! 1.Explain how you can tell that an apple tree is a living thing. Apple trees have the six characteristics of living things: they have cells, they sense and respond to change, they have DNA, they can reproduce, they use energy, and they grow. 2.What is the difference between growth and development? Growth is an increase in size. Development is a change in the form of an organism that happens as it grows. Chapter 2

17 Section 1 Characteristics of Living Things Section 2.1 Review Organisms are made of one or more cells. Organisms detect and respond to stimuli. Organisms make more organisms like themselves by reproducing either asexually or sexually. Organisms have DNA. Organisms use energy to carry out the chemical activities of life. Organisms grow and develop. Chapter 2

18 Section 2 The Necessities of Life Bellringer What do you think your mass would be if there were no water in your body? What else besides water is your body composed of? Where do you think you get the minerals that make up your body mass? Record your answers in your science notebook. Chapter 2

19 Section 2 The Necessities of Life Objectives Explain why organisms need food, water, air, and living space. Describe the chemical building blocks of cells. Chapter 2

20

21 Section 2 The Necessities of Life Water Your cells and the cells of almost all living organisms are approximately 70% water. Most of the chemical reactions involved in metabolism require water. Chapter 2 Who needs water?!!!

22 Section 2 The Necessities of Life Chapter 2 Air Air is a mixture of several different gases, including oxygen and carbon dioxide. Most living things use oxygen in the chemical process that releases energy from food.

23 Section 2 The Necessities of Life A Place to Live All organisms need a place to live that contains all of the things they need to survive. Space on Earth is limited, so organisms are often in competition with each other. Chapter 2 Food All living things need food. Food gives organism energy and the raw material needed to carry on life processes.

24 Section 2 The Necessities of Life Chapter 2 Food, continued Making Food Some organisms, such as plants, are called producers. Producers can make their own food by using energy from their surroundings.

25 Section 2 The Necessities of Life Chapter 2 Food, continued Taking Food Other organisms are called consumers because they must eat (consume) other organisms to get food. Decomposers are consumers that get their food by breaking down the nutrients in dead organisms or animal wastes.

26 Section 2 The Necessities of Life Comparing Consumers and Producers Chapter 2 Click below to watch the Visual Concept. You may stop the video at any time by pressing the Esc key. Visual Concept

27 Section 2 The Necessities of Life Putting It All Together All organisms need to break down food in order to use the nutrients in it. Nutrients are made up of molecules. Molecules found in living things are usually made up of six elements: carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur. Chapter 2

28 Section 2 The Necessities of Life Proteins Proteins are large molecules made of smaller molecules called amino acids. Making Proteins Organisms break down the proteins in food to supply their cells with amino acids that are then linked together to form new proteins. Proteins in Action Some proteins form structures that are easy to see. Other proteins help cells do their jobs. Proteins called enzymes start or speed up chemical reactions in cells. Chapter 2

29 Section 2 The Necessities of Life Carbohydrates Molecules made of sugars are called carbohydrates. Simple Carbohydrates Simple carbohydrates are made up of one sugar molecule or a few sugar molecules linked together. Complex Carbohydrates Complex carbohydrates are made of hundreds of sugar molecules linked together. Plants store extra sugar as complex carbohydrates known as starch. Chapter 2

30 Section 2 The Necessities of Life Lipids Lipids are energy-storing compounds that cannot mix with water. Phospholipids are the molecules that form much of the cell membrane. Fats and Oils Fats and oils are lipids that store energy. When an organism has used up most of its carbohydrates, it can get energy from these lipids. Chapter 2

31 Section 2 The Necessities of Life Chapter 2

32 Section 2 The Necessities of Life ATP Adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, is the major energy-carrying molecule in cells. The energy in carbohydrates and lipids must first be transferred to ATP, which then provides fuel for cellular activities. Chapter 2

33 Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids are large molecules made up of subunits called nucleotides. Nucleic acids, like DNA, are sometimes called the blueprints of life because they have all the information needed for a cell to make proteins.

34 Section 2 The Necessities of Life Nucleic Acid Chapter 2 Visual Concept

35 The Necessities of Life Section Review Organisms need water for cellular processes. Organisms need oxygen to release the energy contained in their food. Organisms must have a place to live. Cells store energy in carbohydrates, which are made of sugars. Proteins are made up of amino acids. Some proteins are enzymes. Fats and oils store energy and make up cell membranes. Cells use molecules of ATP to fuel their activities. Nucleic acids, such as DNA, are made up of nucleotides. Chapter 2

36 It’s Alive!! Or Is It? Concept Map Use the terms below to complete the concept map on the next slide. Chapter 2 DNA sugars energy enzymes living cells proteins starches carbohydrates

37 Concept Map Chapter 2

38 Concept Map Chapter 2

39 End of Chapter 2 Show

40 Reading Read each of the passages. Then, answer the questions that follow each passage. Chapter 2 Standardized Test Preparation

41 Passage 1 Organisms make other organisms similar to themselves. They do so in one of two ways: by sexual reproduction or by asexual reproduction. In sexual reproduction, two parents produce offspring that will share characteristics of both parents. Most animals and plants reproduce in this way. In asexual reproduction, a single parent produces offspring that are identical to the parent. Most single-celled organisms reproduce in this way. Chapter 2 Standardized Test Preparation

42 1. In the passage, what does the term asexual reproduction mean? A A single parent produces offspring. B Two parents make identical offspring. C Plants make offspring. D Animals make offspring. Chapter 2 Standardized Test Preparation

43 1. In the passage, what does the term asexual reproduction mean? A A single parent produces offspring. B Two parents make identical offspring. C Plants make offspring. D Animals make offspring. Chapter 2 Standardized Test Preparation

44 2. What is characteristic of offspring produced by sexual reproduction? F They are identical to both parents. G They share the traits of both parents. H They are identical to one parent. I They are identical to each other. Chapter 2 Standardized Test Preparation

45 2. What is characteristic of offspring produced by sexual reproduction? F They are identical to both parents. G They share the traits of both parents. H They are identical to one parent. I They are identical to each other. Chapter 2 Standardized Test Preparation

46 3. What is characteristic of offspring produced by asexual reproduction? A They are identical to both parents. B They share the traits of both parents. C They are identical to one parent. D They are usually plants. Chapter 2 Standardized Test Preparation

47 3. What is characteristic of offspring produced by asexual reproduction? A They are identical to both parents. B They share the traits of both parents. C They are identical to one parent. D They are usually plants. Chapter 2 Standardized Test Preparation

48 4. What is the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction? F the number of offspring produced G the number of parents needed to produce offspring H the number of traits produced I the number of offspring that survive Chapter 2 Standardized Test Preparation

49 4. What is the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction? F the number of offspring produced G the number of parents needed to produce offspring H the number of traits produced I the number of offspring that survive Chapter 2 Standardized Test Preparation

50 Passage 2 In 1996, a group of researchers led by NASA scientists studied a 3.8-billion-year-old meteorite named ALH84001. These scientists agree that ALH84001 is a potato-sized piece of the planet Mars. They also agree that it fell to Earth about 13,000 years ago. It was discovered in Antarctica in 1984. According to the NASA team, ALH84001 brought with it evidence that life once existed on Mars. Continued on the next slide Chapter 2 Standardized Test Preparation

51 Passage 2, continued Scientists found certain kinds of organic molecules (molecules containing carbon) on the surface of ALH84001. These molecules are similar to those left behind when living things break down substances for food. When these scientists examined the interior of the meteorite, they found the same organic molecules throughout. Because these molecules were spread throughout the meteorite, scientists concluded that the molecules were not contamination from Earth. The NASA team believes that these organic compounds are strong evidence that tiny organisms similar to bacteria lived, ate, and died on Mars millions of years ago. Chapter 2 Standardized Test Preparation

52 1. How old is the meteorite named ALH84001? A 13,000 years old B millions of years old C 3.8 billion years old D 3.8 trillion years old Chapter 2 Standardized Test Preparation

53 1. How old is the meteorite named ALH84001? A 13,000 years old B millions of years old C 3.8 billion years old D 3.8 trillion years old Chapter 2 Standardized Test Preparation

54 2. Which of the following would best support a claim that life might have existed on Mars? F remains of organisms G water H meteorite temperatures similar to Earth temperatures I oxygen Chapter 2 Standardized Test Preparation

55 2. Which of the following would best support a claim that life might have existed on Mars? F remains of organisms G water H meteorite temperatures similar to Earth temperatures I oxygen Chapter 2 Standardized Test Preparation

56 Interpreting Graphics The graph below shows an ill person’s body temperature. Use the graph below to answer the questions that follow. Chapter 2 Standardized Test Preparation

57 1. A fever is a spike in temperature. On which day does this person have a fever? A Sunday B Monday C Wednesday D Saturday Chapter 2 Standardized Test Preparation

58 1. A fever is a spike in temperature. On which day does this person have a fever? A Sunday B Monday C Wednesday D Saturday Chapter 2 Standardized Test Preparation

59 2. A body with a fever is often fighting an infection. Fevers help eliminate the pathogens that cause the infection. According to the chart, when does this person probably have the highest fever? F Sunday G Monday H Wednesday I Saturday Chapter 2 Standardized Test Preparation

60 2. A body with a fever is often fighting an infection. Fevers help eliminate the pathogens that cause the infection. According to the chart, when does this person probably have the highest fever? F Sunday G Monday H Wednesday I Saturday Chapter 2 Standardized Test Preparation

61 3. What is the highest temperature that this fever reaches? A 37°C B 38°C C 39°C D 40°C Chapter 2 Standardized Test Preparation

62 3. What is the highest temperature that this fever reaches? A 37°C B 38°C C 39°C D 40°C Chapter 2 Standardized Test Preparation

63 4. What is probably this person’s normal body temperature? F 37°C G 38°C H 39°C I 40°C Chapter 2 Standardized Test Preparation

64 4. What is probably this person’s normal body temperature? F 37°C G 38°C H 39°C I 40°C Chapter 2 Standardized Test Preparation

65 Math Read each question, and choose the best answer. Chapter 2 Standardized Test Preparation

66 1. An aquarium is a place where fish can live. What is the volume of the aquarium shown below? A 0.25 m B 0.25 m 2 C 0.25 m 3 D 0.52 m 3 Chapter 2 Standardized Test Preparation

67 1. An aquarium is a place where fish can live. What is the volume of the aquarium shown below? A 0.25 m B 0.25 m 2 C 0.25 m 3 D 0.52 m 3 Chapter 2 Standardized Test Preparation

68 2. The cost of admission to a natural history museum is $7 per adult. What is the total cost of admission for a group of five adults? F $25 G $35 H $45 I $55 Chapter 2 Standardized Test Preparation

69 2. The cost of admission to a natural history museum is $7 per adult. What is the total cost of admission for a group of five adults? F $25 G $35 H $45 I $55 Chapter 2 Standardized Test Preparation

70 3. Lee biked 25.3 km on Monday, 20.7 km on Tuesday, and 15.6 km on Wednesday. How many kilometers did Lee bike during those three days? A 66.1 km B 61.6 km C 51.6 km D 16.6 km Chapter 2 Standardized Test Preparation

71 3. Lee biked 25.3 km on Monday, 20.7 km on Tuesday, and 15.6 km on Wednesday. How many kilometers did Lee bike during those three days? A 66.1 km B 61.6 km C 51.6 km D 16.6 km Chapter 2 Standardized Test Preparation

72 4. Laura collected 24 leaves. One-third of the leaves were oak leaves. How many oak leaves did Laura collect? F 6 G 8 H 12 I 24 Chapter 2 Standardized Test Preparation

73 4. Laura collected 24 leaves. One-third of the leaves were oak leaves. How many oak leaves did Laura collect? F 6 G 8 H 12 I 24 Chapter 2 Standardized Test Preparation

74 Section 1 Characteristics of Living Things Chapter 2

75 Standardized Test Preparation

76 Chapter 2 Standardized Test Preparation


Download ppt "Chapter Presentation Transparencies Image and Math Focus Bank Bellringers Standardized Test Prep CNN Videos Visual Concepts Resources."

Similar presentations


Ads by Google