1. Hybrid bio-chemical approach for treatment of Industrial Wastewater
Dr. Sanjeev Gupta
Grasim Industries Limited- Chemical Division
International Conference on Sustainable Clean Ganga Mission 2015

2. MAJOR CONCERNS WITH WASTWATER
Suspended solid
Dissolved solids
Soluble organics
Inorganic salts
Inorganic/Organic colloids
Colour
COD
BOD
Microorganisms
Toxic Metals
Oil & Grease…..

3. Background
Most of the industries in India are expanding their production capacity to cope-up the increasing demand of products with the same or marginally higher water permit.
The industries are facing the task of handling the increased organic load and pollutants concentration in the effluent which is treated in the existing biological process.
Different combinations of biological processes as well as pre or post chemical treatment are followed to meet the stringent discharge norms or reuse of the treated water.

4. Physicochemical treatment Coagulation flocculation
Wastewater treatment
Biological treatment
Physicochemical treatment
Adsorption
Membrane filtration
Oxidation
Anaerobic
Aerobic
Coagulation flocculation
Hybrid
Suspended growth
Attached growth
ASP+Enzyme
ASP+MBBR
MBBR
RBC
Trickling filter
ASP
LSB
MBR
Lagoon
H2O2+O3
Photocatalysis
Ozone (O3)

5. v1(Organic material) + v2O2 + v3NH3 +v4PO43-
Microorganisms
v5(new cell) + v6CO2 + v7H2O

6. Chemical Treatment Pre-treatment Capacity augmentation to bioprocesses
Removal of recalcitrant toxic compounds
Consistent quality of wastewater to biological process
Stable and better operation of bio processes
Post Treatment
100% assurance to meet the required discharge norms
Removal of non-biodegradable compounds from treated wastewater
Suitable for recycling/ reuse

7. Industry: Materials Pulp and Paper Seed sludge Wastewater Combination
Secondary sludge from pulp and paper mill ETP
Cow dung
Wastewater Combination
Substrate
COD (mg/l)
AOX (mg/l) CD
200 15
EOP
190 5
WBL
330 -
Starch
100
Total
820 20

8. Waste activated sludge
Flocculants
Effluent
Influent
Diffused aeration
Secondary clarifier
Air
Recycled sludge
Aeration basin
Primary clarifier
Primary sludge
Bar screen s
Nutrients

9. Reactor
Volume (l)
Process
HRT (h) I
6.0
ASP
8.0
II A
9.5
LSB
12.0
IIB
IIIA
3.0
MBBR
4.0
IIIB

11. Parameter RI
RIIA
RIIB
RIIIA
RIIIB
ASP
LSB
MBBR
pH (outlet)
7.8±0.3
8.0±0.2
7.9±0.2
8.3±0.2
7.8±0.1
DO (mg/l)
2.3±0.7
4.5±0.8
2.0±1.1
4.9±0.7
2.5±1.3
HRT (h)
8.1±0.2
13.1±0.2
8.3±0.1
4.1±0.1
8.1±0.1
MLSS (g/l)
4.45±0.50
0.234
4.52±0.50 -
4.48±0.52
Organic (%)
84.1±0.8
79.3±1.0
79.7±0.6
SVI (ml/g)
9±1
28±3
33±4
CODout (mg/l)
257±26
337±39
232±14
373±31
240±31
CODs reduction (%)
66.3±3.0
53.0±3.1
69.2±1.5
49.4±3.4
68.6±3.5
Colour reduction
40.5±1.6
27.0±5.4
43.1±8.0
11.8
36.3±5.8
AOX reduction (%)
41.6±4.6
33.8±1.0
47.1
36.7±3.3
37.1±6.5 *
Inlet PH: 7.0; COD: 754±28; Colour: 1676±134; AOX:16.1±0.6

12. RI
RIII
RII

13. Coagulant and Flocculant
Chemical Treatment
with
Coagulant and Flocculant

14. Selection of Coagulant/ Flocculant
Dissolve charge (Cationic/ anionic thrash)
Zeta Potential
Colloidal nature
Floc size
Mechanism of liquid solid separation
Direct filtration
Sedimentation
Diffuse air flotation
Centrifuge
Hybrid

15. Issues and contaminants}
Mostly Anionic in Nature
Color
Turbidity
Resins
Suspended solids
Recalcitrant organic compounds
Non biodegradable COD & TOC
Microbial contamination

16. Inorganic Coagulants Organic Coagulants Poly Aluminum Chloride (PAC)
Poly Aluminum Chloro Hydroxide (ACH)
Alum
Organic Coagulants
Charge
Type
Example
Cationic
Amine
Polyethyleneamine hydrochloride
Quaternary
Polydiallyldimethylammonium
Nonionic
Polyalcohol
Polyvinylalcohol
Amide
Polyacrylamide
Anionic
Carboxylic
Polymethacrylic acid
Sulfonic
Polyvinylsulfonate

17. Flocculants
The flocculants are generally high molecular weight polymer compounds; may broadly be divided into three categories
Cationic
Copolymers of N,N-Dimethylaminoethyl Acrylate Methyl Chloride Quaternary or N,N-Dimethylaminoethyl Methacrylate Methyl Chloride Quaternary and acrylamide
Anionic
Copolymers of acrylamide and acrylic acid
Nonionic
Polymers of acrylamide

18. Colloidal material
Coagulated material
Flocculated material
Settling
Mild Mixing
Flash Mixing

19. Anionic Flocculant (mg/l)
Sample
LignoPAC (mg/l)
Anionic Flocculant (mg/l)
COD (mg/l)
Colour (PCU)
Control -
234
1050
Set-1
200
0.5
129
260
1140
Set-2
250 89
180
Volume of sample treated: 5.0 l

20. Sludge generation (mg/l) Calorific value (kcal/kg)
Sample
Sludge generation (mg/l)
Organic content (%)
TDS
(mg/l)
Calorific value (kcal/kg)
Control -
1720
Set-1
201
40.3
1480
2873
1810
Set-2
285
40.6
1505
2510
Volume of sample treated: 5.0 l

21. Sample LignoPAC (mg/l) Al added (mg) Sludge (g) Al (mg) Wastewater
Set-1
200 98
1.005 ND
84.2
Set-2
250
123
1.425
107.3
Volume of sample treated: 5.0 l

22. MBBR DAF Plant scale Treatment Flocculants Nutrients Influent Effluent
Waste activated sludge
Flocculants
Effluent
Influent
Diffused aeration
Secondary clarifier
Air
Recycled sludge
Aeration basin
Primary clarifier
Primary sludge
Bar scree ns
Nutrients

23. Thanks Dr. Sanjeev Gupta Assistant General Manager
Application support and product Development
Grasim Industries Limited- Chemical Division