1. Tara Levine, Bridget Sanelli, Madeline Stenken Block 3 AP Statistics

2. Class Activity  Groups of four or five  Design a shirt that represents the mood we assign you (color and design- wise)  Make it what you would wear when you feel this mood  Just write it on the shirt  Make a conclusion– do you think your mood really affects your shirt color?

3. Background  Many studies showing color can affect mood, but can mood affect color?  Color Psychology:  “…color can alter moods, influence behavior, and even cause physical reactions -- like raising your blood pressure or suppressing your appetite” (findarticles.com)  Warm colors (reds, oranges yellows) evoke feelings of warmth and comfort (Cherry)  Cool colors associated with sadness (Cherry)

4. BUT, Does Mood Affect Color Choice?

5. Description  Wanted to see if the “myth” that shirt color reflects mood is true  Observed association (or lack thereof) of:  Shirt color and mood  Shirt design and gender  Mood and lunch time  Shirt color and gender  Testing independence for all variables

6. Procedure  Went to lunches (A, B, C, and D)  SRS of lunch tables from cafeteria map– assigned tables numbers  Made data table with categories  Which lunch, gender, shirt color, shirt type, shirt design, and mood  Went to about four or five tables per lunch and surveyed about six per table  Tried to survey around 20-25 people per lunch

7. Procedure Continued  Data Table  Mood: happy, unhappy, tired, or content  Shirt type: Long sleeved, short sleeved, or sweatshirt  Shirt Design: Brand (includes school, colleges, brands, bands, and phrases…), Pattern, Plain, and Sports

8. Procedure- Tests  Chi Square Test of Independence  Shirt color and mood  Ho: There is no relationship between shirt color and mood.  Ha: There is a relationship between shirt color and mood.  Shirt Design and gender  Ho: There is no relationship between shirt design and gender.  Ha: There is a relationship between shirt and gender.

9. Procedure- Tests Continued  Mood and Lunch time  Ho: There is no relationship between mood and lunch time.  Ha: There is a relationship between mood and lunch time.  Shirt color and gender  Ho: There is no relationship between mood and lunch time.  Ha: There is a relationship between mood and lunch time.

10. Shirt Color Distribution Analysis: The most popular shirt color at south is black. Shirt colors are not equally distributed throughout the school because certain colors are more predominantly worn.

11. Mood and Shirt Color Content: 34.61% of the students who are content were wearing black, 0% of students were wearing brown or pink. Happy: 19.44% of students who are happy were wearing blue or grey, 0% of students were wearing pink. Tired: Most students that were tired were wearing grey (41.67%), 0% of students were wearing brown, green, navy, pink, or purple Unhappy: 37.50% of unhappy students were wearing black, 0% were wearing brown, green, or purple

12. Gender Sample was pretty evenly distributed between males and female; the majority was males

13. Gender and Shirt Color Analysis: The majority of females were wearing black or grey (23.68%). None were wearing brown. The majority of males were wearing black (28.85%). None were wearing pink or purple. Black and grey are common between both genders.

14. Mood and Gender Analysis: Most females were happy (36.84%). Many were also content (34.21%) and the least amount of females were tired (10.53%). The same goes for the males too, 42.31% were happy, 25% were content, 15.38% were tired.

15. Mood and Lunch A lunch: Most students were tired (58.33%), only one person said content B lunch: Most students were content (46.15%), only a couple people said tired C lunch: Most students were happy (44.44%), only one person said tired D lunch: Most students were content (42.31%), only a couple people said tired

16. Conclusion from Exploratory Data  The most popular shirt color at South is black  Most students, when asked at lunch, are happy (40%)  Content: 28.89%, Unhappy: 17.78%, Tired: 13.33%  Black and grey shirts are popular among males and females  As the day goes on, students in lunch become less tired and unhappy to happier and content

17. Ho: There is no relationship between shirt color and mood. Ha: There is a relationship between shirt color and mood. χ2 Test of Independence: Shirt Color & Mood

18. Conditions χ2 Test of Independence: Shirt Color & Mood 1.Categorical Data 2.SRS 3.All expected cell counts ≥5 1.Shirt color and mood are categorical data 2.SRS of lunch tables in each lunch was taken 3.All expected cell counts ≥5 Not all conditions met, continue test anyway: χ 2 Distribution χ2 Test of Independence

19. χ2 Test of Independence: Shirt Color & Mood = + +… = 27.28 P(χ2>27.28/ df= 27)=0.45 Conclusion We fail to reject the Ho because the p-value of 0.45 is greater than α=.05. We have sufficient evidence that there is no relationship between shirt color and mood. Ho: There is no relationship between shirt color and mood. Ha: There is a relationship between shirt color and mood.

20. Ho: There is no relationship between shirt design and gender. Ha: There is a relationship between shirt design and gender. χ2 Test of Independence: Shirt Design & Gender

21. Conditions χ2 Test of Independence: Shirt Design & Gender 1.Categorical Data 2.SRS 3.All expected cell counts ≥5 1.Shirt design and gender are categorical data 2.SRS of lunch tables in each lunch was taken 3.All expected cell counts ≥5 Not all conditions met, continue test anyway: χ 2 Distribution χ2 Test of Independence

22. χ2 Test of Independence: Shirt Design & Gender = + +… = 4.662 P(χ2>4.662/ df= 3)=0.2 Conclusion We fail to reject the Ho because the p-value of 0.2 is greater than α=.05. We have sufficient evidence that there is no relationship between shirt design and gender. Ho: There is no relationship between shirt design and gender. Ha: There is a relationship between shirt design and gender.

23. Ho: There is no relationship between shirt color and gender. Ha: There is a relationship between shirt color and gender. χ2 Test of Independence: Shirt Color & Gender

24. Conditions χ2 Test of Independence: Shirt Color & Gender 1.Categorical Data 2.SRS 3.All expected cell counts ≥5 1.Shirt color and gender are categorical data 2.SRS of lunch tables in each lunch was taken 3.All expected cell counts ≥5 Not all conditions met, continue test anyway: χ 2 Distribution χ2 Test of Independence

25. χ2 Test of Independence: Shirt Color & Gender = + +… = 9.905 P(χ2>9.905/ df= 9)=0.36 Conclusion We fail to reject the Ho because the p-value of 0.36 is greater than α=.05. We have sufficient evidence that there is no relationship between shirt color and gender. Ho: There is no relationship between shirt color and gender. Ha: There is a relationship between shirt color and gender.

26. Ho: There is no relationship between mood and lunch time. Ha: There is a relationship between mood and lunch time. χ2 Test of Independence: Mood & Lunch Time

27. Conditions χ2 Test of Independence: Mood and Lunch Time 1.Categorical Data 2.SRS 3.All expected cell counts ≥5 1.Mood and Lunch are categorical data 2.SRS of lunch tables in each lunch was taken 3.All expected cell counts ≥5 Not all conditions met, continue test anyway: χ 2 Distribution χ2 Test of Independence

28. χ2 Test of Independence: Mood and Lunch Time = + +… =26.46 P(χ2>26.46/ df= 9)=0.0017 Conclusion We reject the Ho because the p-value of 0.0017 is less than α=.05. We have sufficient evidence that there is a relationship between mood and lunch time. Ho: There is no relationship between mood and lunch time. Ha: There is a relationship between mood and lunch time.

29. Application Since we know the only dependent test was between mood and lunch (the p-value 0.0017 is less than alpha, 0.05, so it’s significant), we can observe how our friends might act based on their lunch time.

30. Bias and Error  Categories  Had to group them so we didn’t have so many categories that we couldn’t compare them  Example: if someone said “stressed” or “apathetic,” we considered them “unhappy”  Example: bands and phrases were included in “brand”  By D lunch, we knew our categories & told the people we surveyed, so they had more narrow options

31. Bias and Error Continued  Friends often influenced others at their tables when saying “mood”  Or, if didn’t know us, may have felt uncomfortable being honest  Also, our own friends– affects mood and willingness and goofiness  Should have just done one person per table? Too difficult to get good sample size  Didn’t record people who didn’t want to respond– could have made that a separate option for “mood,” maybe  Shirt color– if more than one shirt or predominant color  Shirt design–if more than one design or cardigans, layers, etc.

32. Bias and Error Continued  Only surveyed people on one day  Only surveyed teens 10 th - 12 th grade (no adults)  Only surveyed in school– different even if with different lunchtimes at work or other schools?

33. Personal Opinions/ Conclusions  Surprised mood really doesn’t affect shirt color from what our data tells us  Could have made surveying more accurate  Different/ wider population  Different way to survey  Papers  Website– but that’d result in voluntary bias  Pull people aside to avoid friend influence– awkward and intimidating?

34. Question and Answer

35. Works Cited  Cherry, Kendra. "Color Psychology." About.com. The New York Times Company, n.d. Web. 9 Jan. 2011..  Lucia, Lynn Santa. "Color power: how much can the color of the shirt you wear, the food you eat, and the walls you surround yourself with affect you? A lot more than you may think." CBS Moneywatch. Bnet, May 2002. Web. 9 Jan. 2011.