1. Sam Arnold Maddie Sutton-Smith

2.  Steppes – Eurasia  Prairies – North America  Pampas – South America

3.  Precipitation average of 20-35 in.  Temperature from -40 F to 100F  Prairie: Temp from 20-70, 10-30 inches  Steppes: 10-20 inches  Pampas: 64 Degrees  Cold winters, dry, hot summers, humidity

4.  Dark and Deep  Fertile upper layers  High in calcium carbonate-good for fertility  Chernozem-phosphorus and ammonia, really fertile.  Loess-windblown silt, sometimes derived from glacial deposits(MS river)

5.  Human agricultural use  Low precipitation levels  Fires  Absence of tree cover

6.  Extra body fat and fur  Extreme speed  Extensive mucous membranes  Broad, flat-topped teeth  Color

11.  Fine roots extending deep into soil  Rhizomes – thick, turf-like networks  Underground storage organs  Lower growing points  Small and flexible

16.  Fragmentation-loss of biodiversity  Dust Storms  Wasteland Buildup

17.  Poorly planned agriculture  Over-plowing and wind  Overgrazing and irrigated salt build-up

18.  National Parks  Preserves