1. Photonics and Semiconductor Nanophysics Paul Koenraad, Andrea Fiore, Erik Bakkers & Jaime Gomez-Rivas COBRA Inter-University Research Institute on Communication Technology

2. PSN group

3. Where do you find semiconductors?

4. Why are semiconductors important? Most energy efficient illumination sources Most efficient photovoltaic material Basic material for electronics industry Basic material for Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

5. PSN RESEARCH Goal: Achieve ultimate control in the structural, thermal, mechanical, electrical and photonic properties of semiconductor nanostructures  Physics of semiconductor nano-objects (3D/2D/1D/0D)  Individual nanostructures and doping atoms  Utilize quantum effects in nano-objects  Single photons/single electrons/single spins

6. Knowledge Chain Growth Characterization Physics Utilization Devices

7. GaAs substrate AlAs GaAs Be doped AlAs GaAs Si doped AlAs GaAs AlAs How do we make semiconductors Nanometer sized in all 3 directions and controlled incorporation of doping atoms

8. Growth Research 500 nm * 500 nm Self-assembled InAs quantum dots on GaAs Atomic Force Microscopy image Different semiconductor materials: IV: Si, Ge III-V: GaAs, InP, etc. II-VI: ZnO, CdSe, etc. Semiconductor nanowires

9. Characterization of Nanostructures Scanning Tunneling Microscopy image Atom Probe Tomography image Indium atoms Gallium atoms

10. Characterization of semiconductors N <10 15 cm -3 N  10 18 cm -3  nm

11. Photonic devices: single-photons Quantum dots emit single photons: 10 nm Jin,... Fiore, Nature Nano. 2014 Pagliano,..., Fiore, Nature Comm. 2014 Applications: Quantum information processing Fundamental science: How light is born Example: Ultrafast control of spontaneous emission Nano-opto-electro- mechanical systems

12. Photonic devices: many photons Plasmonic LEDs and lasersNanowire solar cells

13. Example internship project Jeroen Schouwenberg, 2012: Modeling and design of photonic crystal filters PSN interns participate to real research projects Milo Swinkels (Master internship 2014): Ultrafast control of cavity QED Tommy Barten (Master internship 2014): Nanowire absorption

14. What can you do? Nanowire Growth (Erik Bakkers) Nanowire Devices(Erik Bakkers) Characterization (Paul Koenraad) Single Impurities (Paul Koenraad) Optical spectroscopy (Paul Koenraad) Plasmonics(Jaime Gomez-Rivas) THz physics(Jaime Gomez-Rivas) Single Photons (Andrea Fiore) Quantum Optics(Andrea Fiore) Photonic Devices (Andrea Fiore) Come and visit us, you are most welcome ! Secretariaat.psn@tue.nl