1. 1 AACTE USHMM HITE INSTITUTE

2. 2  HOLOCAUST  INSTITUTE FOR  TEACHER  EDUCATORS  HOLOCAUST  INSTITUTE FOR  TEACHER  EDUCATORS

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12. 12 Education Resources

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17. 17 The HOLOCAUST  The Holocaust was the systematic, bureaucratic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators. "Holocaust" is a word of Greek origin meaning "sacrifice by fire." The Nazis, who came to power in Germany in January 1933, believed that Germans were "racially superior" and that the Jews, deemed "inferior," were an alien threat to the so-called German racial community.

18. 18 GENOCIDEGENOCIDE  Genocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such:  a. Killing members of the group;  b. Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group;  c. Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part;  d. Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group;  e. Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.  Genocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such:  a. Killing members of the group;  b. Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group;  c. Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part;  d. Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group;  e. Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.

19. 19 On December 9, 1948, in the shadow of the Holocaust the United Nations approved a Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. This convention established "genocide” as an international crime, which signatory nations “undertake to prevent and punish.”

20. 20  During the era of the Holocaust, German authorities also targeted other groups because of their perceived "racial inferiority":  Roma (Gypsies),  the disabled,  and some of the Slavic peoples (Poles, Russians, and others).  Communists,  Socialists,  Jehovah's Witnesses,  homosexuals  During the era of the Holocaust, German authorities also targeted other groups because of their perceived "racial inferiority":  Roma (Gypsies),  the disabled,  and some of the Slavic peoples (Poles, Russians, and others).  Communists,  Socialists,  Jehovah's Witnesses,  homosexuals

21. 21  When did the American press first report on the "Final Solution"?  The American press reported Nazi violence toward Jews as early as 1933, and by 1938, published reports of anti-Jewish measures such as the Nuremberg Laws, along with other incidents of antisemitic violence, had multiplied dramatically. In 1941, as the magnitude of anti- Jewish violence increased, newspapers began running descriptions of the Nazi mass murder of Jews, some even using the word "extermination" to refer to these large-scale killings.  When did the American press first report on the "Final Solution"?  The American press reported Nazi violence toward Jews as early as 1933, and by 1938, published reports of anti-Jewish measures such as the Nuremberg Laws, along with other incidents of antisemitic violence, had multiplied dramatically. In 1941, as the magnitude of anti- Jewish violence increased, newspapers began running descriptions of the Nazi mass murder of Jews, some even using the word "extermination" to refer to these large-scale killings.

22. 22  However, it wasn't until late 1942 that the American public received official confirmation of these reports. On November 24 of that year, Rabbi Stephen Wise disclosed in a press conference that the State Department had investigated and confirmed reports about the Nazis' extermination campaign against European Jews. A few weeks later, on December 17, the United States, Britain, and ten Allied governments released a formal declaration confirming and condemning Hitler's extermination policy toward the Jews.  

23. 23  Despite the official status of these announcements, most major dailies in the United States minimized their importance by burying them on inner pages. The New York Times, for example, allocated space on the front page for only the latter of these official reports, relegating Wise's press conference to page ten.

24. 24  Holocaust Institute for Teacher Educators  Washington, DC June 2 – 6, 2008  Encourage teacher educators to use the history of the Holocaust as a model for teacher candidates;  Prepare teacher candidates to teach about the Holocaust in middle and secondary school (6-12) settings;  Use national and state content standards in teaching about the Holocaust; and  Consider the ethical implications for classroom teachers in teaching about the Holocaust  Holocaust Institute for Teacher Educators  Washington, DC June 2 – 6, 2008  Encourage teacher educators to use the history of the Holocaust as a model for teacher candidates;  Prepare teacher candidates to teach about the Holocaust in middle and secondary school (6-12) settings;  Use national and state content standards in teaching about the Holocaust; and  Consider the ethical implications for classroom teachers in teaching about the Holocaust

25. 25  Monday, June 4, 2007  2:00 – 2:30 Greetings and Introduction: Pete Fredlake, USHMM  2:30 - 4:30Exploration of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum   4:30 – 5:30“World Café: HITE Institute”  Pete Fredlake, USHMM  7:00 – 9:00 Dinner and discussion at Jurys Hotel, DuPont Circle  Monday, June 4, 2007  2:00 – 2:30 Greetings and Introduction: Pete Fredlake, USHMM  2:30 - 4:30Exploration of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum   4:30 – 5:30“World Café: HITE Institute”  Pete Fredlake, USHMM  7:00 – 9:00 Dinner and discussion at Jurys Hotel, DuPont Circle

26. 26  Tuesday, June 5, 2007  8:30Early entry to USHMM  9:00 – 11:00 Teacher Education as a Moral Community 11:00 – 12:00 Education in the Third Reich: 12:30 – 2:00 Ethical Implications of Teaching (Small group discussion)  2:00 – 3:00 Nazi Racial Ideology 3:15 – 5:30Using Literature to Enhance Historical Understanding  Tuesday, June 5, 2007  8:30Early entry to USHMM  9:00 – 11:00 Teacher Education as a Moral Community 11:00 – 12:00 Education in the Third Reich: 12:30 – 2:00 Ethical Implications of Teaching (Small group discussion)  2:00 – 3:00 Nazi Racial Ideology 3:15 – 5:30Using Literature to Enhance Historical Understanding

27. 27  Wednesday, June 6, 2007  8:30 Early entry to USHMM  9:00 – 10:30USHMM Methodological Teaching Considerations  10:45 – 12:15Propaganda as Core Content: The Propaganda Initiative and the Role of Nazi Propaganda in the Holocaust  1:00 – 3:30Historical Training for Teacher Educators (Small group work)  4:15 – 5:15 Using Primary Sources to Teach about the Holocaust  Wednesday, June 6, 2007  8:30 Early entry to USHMM  9:00 – 10:30USHMM Methodological Teaching Considerations  10:45 – 12:15Propaganda as Core Content: The Propaganda Initiative and the Role of Nazi Propaganda in the Holocaust  1:00 – 3:30Historical Training for Teacher Educators (Small group work)  4:15 – 5:15 Using Primary Sources to Teach about the Holocaust

28. 28  Thursday, June 7, 2007  8:30Early entry to USHMM  10:15 – 11:30Genocide after the Holocaust  12:30 – 2:00Addressing the Complexity of Genocide in Teacher Education Programs  3:15 – 4:15 Using the Holocaust as Core Content in Methods Courses  4:15 – 5:15Using Technology  Thursday, June 7, 2007  8:30Early entry to USHMM  10:15 – 11:30Genocide after the Holocaust  12:30 – 2:00Addressing the Complexity of Genocide in Teacher Education Programs  3:15 – 4:15 Using the Holocaust as Core Content in Methods Courses  4:15 – 5:15Using Technology

29. 29  Friday, June 8, 2007  8:30Early entry to USHMM  9:30- 11:30Lesson Study: A Case Study  12:15 – 12:30Opportunities at the Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies  1:30 – 4:30Reporting Session  4:30 – 5:00Reflections on the Institute and evaluation  7:00 – 9:00Closing dinner at Jurys Hotel, DuPont Circle  Friday, June 8, 2007  8:30Early entry to USHMM  9:30- 11:30Lesson Study: A Case Study  12:15 – 12:30Opportunities at the Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies  1:30 – 4:30Reporting Session  4:30 – 5:00Reflections on the Institute and evaluation  7:00 – 9:00Closing dinner at Jurys Hotel, DuPont Circle

30. 30  What are some significant dates in the Museum's history?  1980, October 7President Carter signs Public Law 96-388 establishing the United States Holocaust Memorial Council.  1983, April 13 Land for the museum building is transferred from the government to the Council in a ceremony held at the Capitol.  1984, April 30 A symbolic ground breaking ceremony is held at the future site of the Museum.  What are some significant dates in the Museum's history?  1980, October 7President Carter signs Public Law 96-388 establishing the United States Holocaust Memorial Council.  1983, April 13 Land for the museum building is transferred from the government to the Council in a ceremony held at the Capitol.  1984, April 30 A symbolic ground breaking ceremony is held at the future site of the Museum.

31. 31  1985, October 16 Actual ground breaking ceremonies take place. Two milk cans containing soil and ashes from different concentration and extermination camps are symbolically buried on site.  1989, August 2 Construction on the Museum begins.  1993, April 22 The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum is dedicated. Speakers at the ceremony include:  Bill Clinton, Chaim Herzog, Harvey Meyerhoff, Elie Wiesel  1993, April 26 The Museum opens to the public. His Holiness the Dalai Lama is the first visitor.  1985, October 16 Actual ground breaking ceremonies take place. Two milk cans containing soil and ashes from different concentration and extermination camps are symbolically buried on site.  1989, August 2 Construction on the Museum begins.  1993, April 22 The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum is dedicated. Speakers at the ceremony include:  Bill Clinton, Chaim Herzog, Harvey Meyerhoff, Elie Wiesel  1993, April 26 The Museum opens to the public. His Holiness the Dalai Lama is the first visitor.

32. 32  How much did it cost to build the Museum?  The Museum cost approximately $168 million to build ($90 million for the building's construction and $78 million for the exhibits).  How much did it cost to build the Museum?  The Museum cost approximately $168 million to build ($90 million for the building's construction and $78 million for the exhibits).

33. 33  How were the funds raised for the Museum's construction?  Built on land donated by the federal government and funded with more than 200,000 private donations, the Museum is the product of a strong partnership between the government and private philanthropy. As required by law, all funds for planning, constructing and equipping the Museum were raised exclusively from private, tax deductible contributions.  How were the funds raised for the Museum's construction?  Built on land donated by the federal government and funded with more than 200,000 private donations, the Museum is the product of a strong partnership between the government and private philanthropy. As required by law, all funds for planning, constructing and equipping the Museum were raised exclusively from private, tax deductible contributions.