2.  Trademark infringement is a violation of the exclusive rights attaching to a trademark without the authorization of the trademark owner or any licensees. Ex. When one party, the “infringer”, uses a trademark which is identical or confusingly similar to a trademark owned by another party.

3.  Injunction, is an equitable remedy in the form of a court order that requires a party to do or refrain from doing specific acts.  Identity Misappropriation is an unauthorized use of another’s name, likeness, or identity without that person’s permission, resulting in harm to that person.

4.  Ticket scalping-is the act of reselling tickets for admission to events.  Option to Renew-provision in a contract under which the team owner or the athlete has the choice of reinstating the concluded- contract for another term.

5.  Right of First Refusal-is a contractual right that gives its holder the option to enter a business transaction with the owner of something, according to specified terms, before the owner is entitled to enter into that transaction with a third party.

6.  Certain products are protected from reproduction or use unless permission is granted by the owner.  Intellectual property is a person’s thoughts or creations. Protecting intellectual property is important because:  Substantial profit is a reflection of a good idea.  Businesses who originate an idea and protect it usually maximize profits.

7.  Patents are granted for an invention or an improvement on a product. Patents are granted for a limited period of time.  Trademarks and service marks.  A word, phrase, symbol, or design that identifies and distinguishes the company from others.  Granted legal protection through the United States Patent and Trademark Office.

8.  Copyrights are granted to creators of:  Literary works (novels, poems, newspapers).  Artistic works (photography, paintings).  Broadcasts (television, radio, Internet).  Films.  Original musical composition.  Industrial designs apply to structural designs, aesthetics, or the look of a product.  Certification marks are used to protect and certify the way products are made.

9.  Collective marks are symbols used for a group or organization.  Most sports and entertainment companies need to retain legal counsel to navigate and protect their company.  The Lanham Trademark Act is designed to protect trademarks, certification marks, and collective marks.  Teams or leagues such as the NFL, NBA, and Duke University own their logos.

10.  The owners of logos can license others to use their logo to sell merchandise.  Billions of dollars of merchandise are sold without licensing.  Trademark infringement is using a trademark without authorization.  Team owners see this as potential loss of revenue.  May result in higher prices for legally registered merchandise.

11.  Federal legislation that dictates universities are required to provide equal opportunities for both men and women’s sports.  No one will be denied the opportunity to participate in sports based on gender.  Institutions receiving federal dollars must comply.

12.  All public facilities must be reasonably handicapped accessible.

13.  Federal legislation to protect industries from having one competitor that discourages competition within the industry.  MLB is the only branch of sports identified as exempt from the Sherman Antitrust Act.

14. Sets standards to protect employees from being injured on the job.