1. PERSONALIZED MEDICINE AND IT’S RELEVANCE TO CANCER PATIENTS Casey Scarelli, Sallyann Vu, Jess Soule, Abrar Ahmed, Alief Imam

2. RATIONALE  Genetic testing and analysis are the future of personalized medicine. Eventually there will be a cure for cancer. The American Cancer Society says personalized medicine is not a “science fiction. We are starting to see the first use of personalized medicine techniques now with cancer treatment. Eventually, we will see this type of therapy for all human illness.” We found this to be extremely motivating in researching this question. It could help people like my friend Allison Hawkes.

3. PERSONALIZED MEDICINE o uniquely modified to specifically target an illness or disease o specific individual o genetic information o environmental and clinical information o severity o specific mutations

4. AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY o “Personalized medicine lies in the chromosomes of the patients.” o “Cancer is a result of damage to our genes. Cancer occurs when the switches inside your genes that control cell growth malfunction. If a growth gene is supposed to be turned off, it turns on. If a genetic switch is designed to prevent cancer growth, it fails. Cells that should be at rest begin to divide, and a tumor develops."

5. THE PROPERLY FUNCTIONING CELL o various checkpoints (G1, S, and G2) checked mutations or dysfunctions (deemed able or unable to replicate) o -Cyclin + Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (CDKs) proteins responsible for checking for any flaws and regulate replication o growth factors: proteins that stimulate cells to divide o density-dependent-inhibition, crowded cells stop dividing because there is no available space o anchorage dependence: (animal cells) attached to substratum o no anchorage = no division

6. THE IMPROPERLY FUNCTIONING CELL  disobey regulation factors  ignore cyclin, CDKs, and the external signals There are millions of different variations of these mutations, which is why cancer is so difficult.

7. CAPABILITIES OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE o Breast Cancer- genetic testing can tell whether or not chemotherapy would be successful, this skips a step by limiting the waiting and increasing the ability to defeat the cancer o Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) blood cancer- leukemia is a mutation believed to be in the Philadelphia Chromosome, knowing this specific medications are being developed to fight this type of cancer in a more personalized way o Lung Cancer- erlotinib and crizotinib are drugs that are used in different patients depending on their mutations, these block the mutated gene from spreading o Colon Cancer- K-ras is known to keep different antibodies from working, knowing this can specialize the medicine to the patient

8. CAPABILITIES OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE o Metastic Melanoma- targeting the BRAF mutation o Brain Tumor- bevacizumab (control the progression of the recurrent tumor) Goal: identify the protein responsible for inhibiting blood vessels grown in brain tumor. o Pancreatic Tumors- research being done on a specific protein that leads to pancreatic tumors o Renal Cancer- Introtumoral neutrophils is a medicine specialized to fight this intense type of cancer

9. TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES o stop the cell from multiplying until the damage is repaired o stimulate cells with damaged DNA to commit "cell suicide”

10. PROTO-ONCOGENES o proteins that help to regulate cell growth and differentiation o involved in signal transduction and execution of mitogenic signals, o not regulated, allowed to grow without any restraint; loss of the regulation of cell cycle results in the mass replication

13. QUESTIONS LEFT WITH

14. SOURCES http://www.cancer.org/cancer/news/expertvoices/post/2012/04/18/the-future-is-now-personalized- medicine.aspxhttp://www.cancer.org/cancer/news/expertvoices/post/2012/04/18/the-future-is-now-personalized- medicine.aspx http://www.scq.ubc.ca/the-cell-cycle-a-universal-cellular-division-program/ http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/scic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?failOverType=&q uery=&prodId=SCIC&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&mode=view&displayGroupName=R eference&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighlighting=false&source=&sortBy=&displayGroups=&sea rch_within_results=&action=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE%7CCV243350 0510http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/scic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?failOverType=&q uery=&prodId=SCIC&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&mode=view&displayGroupName=R eference&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighlighting=false&source=&sortBy=&displayGroups=&sea rch_within_results=&action=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE%7CCV243350 0510 http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/scic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?failOverType=&q uery=&prodId=SCIC&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&mode=view&displayGroupName=R eference&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighlighting=false&source=&sortBy=&displayGroups=&sea rch_within_results=&action=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE%7CCV243350 0410http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/scic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?failOverType=&q uery=&prodId=SCIC&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&mode=view&displayGroupName=R eference&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighlighting=false&source=&sortBy=&displayGroups=&sea rch_within_results=&action=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE%7CCV243350 0410 http://www.vanderbilthealth.com/neuroendocrine/healthtopics?topic=Pancreatic_Neuroendocrine_ Tumorhttp://www.vanderbilthealth.com/neuroendocrine/healthtopics?topic=Pancreatic_Neuroendocrine_ Tumor