1. Respiration A Review

2. General Questions Name 4 criteria for a respiratory surface. –1) Must be in contact with environment –2) Must be moist –3) Must be large proportionately to organism’s size –4) If transport structures are present, Respiratory Surface must be in contact with it.

3. General Questions (cont.) Advantage to living in water? –Respiratory Surface will not dry out. Problems with living in water? –Low Oxygen content. Solutions to problems with living in water (2 answers) –Move massive quantities of water across gills –Counter-Current flow between blood and water flowing through gills

4. General Questions (cont.) Advantage of Respiring on Land –Air has greater amount of Oxygen (21%) Problems to Respiratory Structures from living on land? –Drying Out Solution to Respiratory Problems of living on land? –Move respiratory structures inside the body –Move around during times of high moisture

5. General Questions (cont.) Respiratory surface of Insects? –Trachea Respiratory surface of Humans? –Lungs Effect upon pressure by having the diaphragm contract and move down and the rib muscles contracting and moving the rib cage up and out? –Decrease (Inhale)

6. General Questions (cont.) Which two organisms are similar in terms of respiration? – Fish and Insects –Humans and Protozoans –Fish and Birds –Birds and Insects Answer: Fish and Birds (one directional flow over respiratory surface)

7. General Questions (cont.) Effect of increase in Red Blood Cells upon Oxygen availability for metabolism? –Increase in oxygen available for metabolism Pregnant women are often advised to increase their iron content. Iron is the central atom of hemoglobin. What effect would this advice have for pregnant women? –Increase in oxygen available for metabolism

8. General Questions (cont.) Carbon Dioxide + Water produces ? –Carbonic Acid The increase in Carbon Dioxide in the blood causes the blood pH to ___. –Decrease (become more acidic) pH sensors for the body are located ___. –In the major arteries (Aorta, Carotid arteries to the brain)