1. BIOSYST-MeBioS

2. Quality aspects Importance of food safety Organic products: no pesticide residues Possibly better internal quality Possibly less nitrate Systems may vary between countries

3. BIOSYST-MeBioS

4. BIOSYST-MeBioSwww.biw.kuleuven.be The postharvest quality of integrated and organically produced apple fruit E. Róth, A. Z. Berna, K. Beullens, C. Franck, J. Lammertyn, A. Schenk and B. Nicolaï

5. BIOSYST-MeBioS Objective To explore possible differences in the postharvest quality (texture, flavour during cold storage and shelf-life) of organic and integrated apple

6. BIOSYST-MeBioS Experimental design Full factorial experimental design Factors Regions: 3

7. LEUVEN

8. BIOSYST-MeBioS Apple orchards LOVENJOEL BIERBEEK ASSENT

9. BIOSYST-MeBioS Experimental design Full factorial experimental design Factors Regions: 3 Production system: organic, integrated Storage: not stored (harvest), air storage, controlled atmosphere storage Sampling time: 0 day, after 14 days shelf-life Replicates: 20 apples

10. BIOSYST-MeBioS Basic parameters Acoustic stiffness – Aweta DFT Magness-Taylor firmness – Stable Micro Systems T.A. Total soluble solids – digital refractometer

11. BIOSYST-MeBioS Taste analysis: HPLC

12. BIOSYST-MeBioS Aroma analysis: GC/MS

13. BIOSYST-MeBioS Statistical analysis P rincipal component analysis (Unscrambler) Mixed model (SAS System 8.0 program) - test for significant differences

14. BIOSYST-MeBioS Results and discussion Basic parameters Score plot of PCA on basic parameters of apples Stiffness, firmness Air stored, shelf-life Air stored, fresh At harvest, fresh CA stored, fresh At harvest, shelf-life CA stored, shelf-life

15. BIOSYST-MeBioS Taste profile Score plot of PCA on taste parameters of apples at harvest after storage malic, quinic acid glucose 0 citric acid fructose succrose

16. BIOSYST-MeBioS Aroma profile gained from the analysis of the full spectra Score plot of PCA gained from analysis of full spectra considering the most important 19 volatiles of apples CA stored, fresh At harvest, fresh CA stored, shelf-life Air stored, shelf-life At harvest, shelf-life Air stored, fresh

17. BIOSYST-MeBioS Conclusion The effect of storage condition is much larger than that of the production systems on the quality of apples. No considerable regional effect has been experienced, maybe due to the small differences between orchards with respect to climate and soil parameters. Aroma profiles of apples stored in air and under controlled atmosphere converge during shelf-life conditions

18. BIOSYST-MeBioS Future plans Histological studies Air storage,after shelf-life CA storage,after shelf-life Air storage CA storage

19. BIOSYST-MeBioS Thanks a lot for your attention!