1. Institute for Chemistry Didactics Fliednerstraße 21 48149 Münster Germany Nina Harsch PhD Candidate and Research Assistant Institute for Chemistry Didactics Research group of Prof. Dr. Hans-Dieter Barke U NIVERSITY OF M ÜNSTER G ERMANY Air and Atmospheric Pollution in Senior Natural Science Class > An Empirical Study and a Resultant Lecture Series

2. Nina Harsch (nina.harsch@uni-muenster.de) U NIVERSITY OF M ÜNSTER G ERMANY ICCE-ECRICE conference, Rome, 15 th - 20 th July 2012 2 Air and atmospheric pollution in senior natural science class Introduction Air and atmospheric pollution: A globally relevant topic… greenhouse effect ozone acid rain Green house gases Global Mixing Ratio [Vol%] 17502005 CO 2 280 ppm379 ppm O 3 (trop.) 5 ppb40 ppb N2ON2O270 ppb319 ppb CH 4 715 ppb1.774 ppb CFC–4 ppb SF 6 –7 ppt Greenhouse Effect Acid Rain Ozone

3. Nina Harsch (nina.harsch@uni-muenster.de) U NIVERSITY OF M ÜNSTER G ERMANY ICCE-ECRICE conference, Rome, 15 th - 20 th July 2012 Empirical Study What do college students know about... 3 Air and atmospheric pollution in senior natural science class Air composition trace gases air pollutants Target group: 1.500 college students of grade 10 and 12 from Germany, Spain, Taiwan and Russia (+ 100 university students from Germany) Greenhouse Effect greenhouse gases natural / human consequences Ozone strato / tropo consequences countermeasures Acid Rain natural / human sources consequences

4. Nina Harsch (nina.harsch@uni-muenster.de) U NIVERSITY OF M ÜNSTER G ERMANY ICCE-ECRICE conference, Rome, 15 th - 20 th July 2012 Principal Findings of the Empirical Study (college students only) 4 Air and atmospheric pollution in senior natural science class z 20 %Main air components: N 2 and O 2 misconceptions: All trace gases are air pollutants. All air pollutants are greenhouse gases. correct replies Greenhouse Effect 30 % 28 % Correct description of the GHE Water vapour as a greenhouse gas misconceptions: The greenhouse effect......is completely anthropogenic....is caused by/causes the ozone hole. correct replies Acid Rain 55 % 40 % 35 % SO 2 and NO 2 cause acid rain CO 2 causes (slightly) acid rain Consequences of acid rain misconceptions: Acid rain......is completely anthropogenic....is concentrated acid. correct replies Ozone 21 % 44 % Existence of tropospheric ozone Correct location of ozone hole CFCs cause ozone hole misconceptions Ozone exists only in the ozone layer. The ozone hole is located above the industrial countries. correct replies Air correct replies Greenhouse Effect correct replies Ozone correct replies Acid Rain

5. Nina Harsch (nina.harsch@uni-muenster.de) U NIVERSITY OF M ÜNSTER G ERMANY ICCE-ECRICE conference, Rome, 15 th - 20 th July 2012 LessonActivityContent 1 - 3 Expert Learning 4 main focuses: Air Acid rain Ozone Greenhouse effect 4Concept Map Thematic summary Thematic interrelations 5 - 7 In-depth Studies Further knowledge Experiments Lecture Series Conceptual design: Stage 1:Literature research, expert consultations, empirical study Stage 2:Lecture series – Pilot Concept 5 Air and atmospheric pollution in senior natural science class

6. Nina Harsch (nina.harsch@uni-muenster.de) U NIVERSITY OF M ÜNSTER G ERMANY ICCE-ECRICE conference, Rome, 15 th - 20 th July 2012 Lecture Series 6 Air and atmospheric pollution in senior natural science class Conceptual design: Stage 3:Lecture series – Optimized Concept LessonActivity 1 - 3 Expert Learning 4Concept Map 5 - 7 In-depth Studies LessonActivityContent 1 Teacher-Class- Dialogue + Experiments Main air components Trace gases Air pollutants 2 - 4 Group Learning 3 main focuses: Acid rain Ozone Greenhouse effect 5 - 7 Group Presentations Presentations Experiments 8 - 9 Concept Map Thematic summary Thematic interrelations Weaknesses: expert learning experiments topic rotation Pilot concept

7. Nina Harsch (nina.harsch@uni-muenster.de) U NIVERSITY OF M ÜNSTER G ERMANY ICCE-ECRICE conference, Rome, 15 th - 20 th July 2012 Main results of the lecture series (pilot concept) 7 Air and atmospheric pollution in senior natural science class

8. Nina Harsch (nina.harsch@uni-muenster.de) U NIVERSITY OF M ÜNSTER G ERMANY ICCE-ECRICE conference, Rome, 15 th - 20 th July 2012 Main results of the lecture series 8 Air and atmospheric pollution in senior natural science class + 20 %+ 8 %+ 21 %+ 30 %+ 13 %- 7 %- 8 %- 6 %

9. Nina Harsch (nina.harsch@uni-muenster.de) U NIVERSITY OF M ÜNSTER G ERMANY ICCE-ECRICE conference, Rome, 15 th - 20 th July 2012 Conclusions The topic air and atmospheric pollution is demanding. Due to the complexity of the subject area, there is still room for further improvement. A survey amongst teachers showed their interest in the incorporation of the lecture series in their class. In order to assure the quality of the tuition, teachers´ trainings are very important. 9 Air and atmospheric pollution in senior natural science class

10. Nina Harsch (nina.harsch@uni-muenster.de) U NIVERSITY OF M ÜNSTER G ERMANY ICCE-ECRICE conference, Rome, 15 th - 20 th July 2012 References 10 Air and atmospheric pollution in senior natural science class Data on greenhouse effect: IPCC (2007), J ACOBEIT (2007), W EISCHET & E NDLICHER (2008), B UCK & H OHL (2010) Data on stratospheric ozone: NASA (2012) Data on NO x and SO 2 emissions: E MISSIONS D ATABASE FOR G LOBAL A TMOSPHERIC R ESEARCH (2010) Publication about empirical study: H ARSCH, E STAY, B ARKE (2011): Treibhauseffekt, Ozon und Saurer Regen - Wissensstand und Fehlvorstellungen deutscher und spanischer Schüler. Praxis der Naturwissenschaften Chemie 3/60.