1. NOTE: This presentation was not made for public use. Please do not use this presentations without my permission and the permission of each of the authors of the photographs, quotes, and other materials that they contain. Thank you, Vicki Hughes

2. Chapter 8: The Senses Assignment: CH 8 OL Practice Test

3. Receptors and Sensations The many kinds of sensory receptors share common features. For example, each type of receptor is particularly sensitive to a distinct type of environmental change and is much less sensitive to other forms of stimulation.

4. Types of Receptors Chemoreceptors changes in the chemical concentrations Nociceptors tissue damage Thermoreceptors changes in temperature Mechanoreceptors changes in pressure or movement Photoreceptors light energy

5. Taste

6. Structure of the Tongue No Taste Buds Has Taste Buds tonsils

7. Taste Buds

8. Smell

9. The Sense of Smell

10. Olfactory receptors and taste receptors are chemoreceptors, which means that chemicals that are dissolved in liquids stimulate them. The olfactory receptors transfer stimuli to the olfactory bulb which in turn send signals to the brain. This figure shows the lateral wall of the nasal cavity (cut in sagittal section) showing the olfactory recess and olfactory bulb. http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/esp/2002_general/Esp/default.htm

11. Hearing

12. Hearing and equilibrium senses reside in the ear. Three parts of the Ear: external ear – hearing only middle ear – hearing only inner ear – both hearing and equillibrium

13. Structure of the Inner Ear

14. The Sense of Hearing pinna Ear Wax Removal http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kudOCzUZjv4http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kudOCzUZjv4

15. http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=F06BE1B6-A673-409C-8369- 9D669ECDEDA8&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

16. How We Hear Tutorial http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp45/4502001.html How the Ear Works: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PeTriGTENoc&feature=related

18. Sense of Equilibrium (Balance) The sense of equilibrium is really two senses - static equilibrium and dynamic equilibrium. Static equilibrium -- the position of the head, maintaining stability and posture when the head and body are still. Dynamic equilibrium -- when the head and body suddenly move or rotate, the organs of dynamic equilibrium detect such motion and aid in maintaining balance. These two organs lie in the inner ear. http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/factfiles/balance/balance_ani_f5.swf

19. Static Equilibrium The organs of static equilibrium are located within the vestibule. The membranous labyrinth inside the vestibule consists of two expanded chambers - a utricle and a saccule.

20. Dynamic Equilibrium The three semicircular canals detect motion of the head, and they aid in balancing the head and body during sudden movement. These canals lie at right angles to each other, and each corresponds to movements in a different anatomical plane.

21. Pupil Iris Cornea Aqueous humor (fluid) Ciliary body Lens Vitreous humor Retina Choroid Fovia centralis Optic nerve Sclera T he Sense of Vision Quiz Tomorrow! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fmg9ZOHESgQ

22. 4 3 2 6 (fluid) 1 5 7 (fluid) 8 9 10 11 12 Eye Quiz

23. The Sense of Vision Rods Photoreceptors: Rods = grays and periphery Cones = colors and details red, green, blue Colorblindness = missing cones

24. The EYE tedmontgomery.com Refraction = bending of light Accomodation = focusing Object is upside down and reversed by the eye.

25. The EYE eyesurgerychoices.com Emmetropic eye = clear vision

26. The EYE Myopic eye = nearsighted eyesurgerychoices.com

27. Hyperopic eye =farsighted eyesurgerychoices.com Flash: Myopia, Hyperopia, and Astigmatism

28. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bb8bnjnEM00 Lasik Surgery

29. Lab Eye Dissection http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U04yoLrQHNo&feature=related

30. TERMINOLOGY chemoreceptorolfactory receptorcones nociceptorstatic equilibriumcolorblindness thermoreceptorsdynamic equilibriumrefraction mechanoreceptorsvestibuleaccomodation photoreceptorsutricleemmetropic gustatory stimulisacculemyopic eye taste budssemicircular canalshyuperopic eye filiform papillaerods 1. List the 5 types of sensory receptors and describe what kinds of stimuli they receive. 2. Label the types of papillae on the tongue. 3. Describe the structure of a taste bud. 4. Label the structures involved in the sense of smell. 5. Type of receptors involved in smell. 6. Relationship between taste and smell. 7. Label all the parts of the ear including the three primary sections and their component parts. 8. Label the inner parts of the cochlea. 9. Describe the steps of generation of sensory impulses from the ear. 10. Distinguish between static and dynamic equilibrium. 11. Where do the organs involved in equilibrium lie? 12. Label the parts of the eye. 13. Describe how we see graytones and color. 14. Explain colorblindness. 15. Describe the “appearance” of an object when it is received by the eye. STUDY GUIDE