1. Ways to Identify an Unknown ? Field Guides Field Guides Dichotomous Keys Dichotomous Keys Composed of statements with 2 opposite parts or categories. Composed of statements with 2 opposite parts or categories. Choose the statement that is true about an unknown organism. Choose the statement that is true about an unknown organism.

2. Dichotomous Key

3. Look out for the special check mark to know which notes to write! On a checked slide, write all notes, unless … On a checked slide, write all notes, unless … On a checked slide with lots of notes, just write underlined text ! On a checked slide with lots of notes, just write underlined text !

4. Classification System that groups organisms based on common features that they share

6. Aristotle First man to develop a system to classify organisms First man to develop a system to classify organisms 2 kingdoms 2 kingdoms

7. He subdivided each kingdom He subdivided each kingdom Plant- based division on size Plant- based division on size Herbs Herbs Shrubs Shrubs Trees Trees Animals- based division on habitat Animals- based division on habitat Air Air Land Land Sea Sea

8. Animals: Air Land Sea

9. Carolus Linnaeus Improved classification system Improved classification system Based his grouping on physical features Based his grouping on physical features

10. Linnaeus =Universal name= Binomial Nomenclature All organisms are given a universal name All organisms are given a universal name Used by all scientists Used by all scientists Helpful when many common names are used Helpful when many common names are used Name is composed of 2 names Name is composed of 2 names Genus name Genus name C apitalized and comes first! C apitalized and comes first! Species name Species name lower case and comes second lower case and comes second Both names are underlined Both names are underlined Example: Tolypeutes matacus – Three Banded Armadillo Example: Tolypeutes matacus – Three Banded Armadillo

11. Common names are misleading Puma Puma Cougar Cougar Mountain Lion Mountain Lion A seahorse is not a horse, but a fish.

12. Scientific name Myotis macrotarsus Myotis macrotarsus “Mouse-eared bat with big feet” “Mouse-eared bat with big feet” Cat Cat Genus name= Felis Genus name= Felis Species name= Species name= domesticus=house cat domesticus=house cat sylvestris=wildcat sylvestris=wildcat Human Human Genus name=Homo Genus name=Homo Species=sapien Species=sapien

13. Kingdom : Animalia (mobile critters; have many cells; can’t make their own food) Phylum : Chordata (flexible skeletal rod with accompanying nerves) Class : Chondrichthyes (‘fish’ with a cartilaginous skeleton) Order : Lamniformes (‘Mackerel’ sharks) Family : Lamnidae (‘Mackerel’ sharks) Genus : Carcharodon (from the Greek carcharos meaning “ragged” or “pointed” and odon meaning “tooth”) Species : carcharias (Greek for “shark”)

14. Modern classification system Uses Linnaeus system but adds: Uses Linnaeus system but adds: comparison of body chemistry and development features comparison of body chemistry and development features DNA sequence DNA sequence Cytochrome C Cytochrome C Hemoglobin Hemoglobin Developmental stages Developmental stages of embryos of embryos

15. Reclassified

16. Modern Classification System Domain= Eubacteria Domain= Eubacteria Kingdom=Eubacteria Kingdom=Eubacteria Prokaryotic Bacteria Prokaryotic Bacteria Domain=Archaea Domain=Archaea Kingdom=Archaebacteria Kingdom=Archaebacteria Extreamophiles Extreamophiles Domain Eukarya Domain Eukarya Contains 4 kingdoms Contains 4 kingdoms Kingdom=Protista Kingdom=Protista Kingdom=Fungi Kingdom=Fungi Kingdom=Plant Kingdom=Plant Kingdom=Animal Kingdom=Animal

17. Classification Groups =Taxa A Mnemonic Device: A Mnemonic Device: Dear Dear King King Philip Philip Came Came Over Over For For Ginger Ginger Snaps Snaps Each division contains fewer organisms, but shares more features in common.

18. Classification Taxa Domain is the largest Taxa Domain is the largest Taxa Domain contains one or more kingdoms Domain contains one or more kingdoms Domain Domain contain the most organisms contain the most organisms Each kingdom is then subdivided into: Each kingdom is then subdivided into: Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species Species Species contain the fewest organisms but with the most physical features in common contain the fewest organisms but with the most physical features in common

19. Classification Which two animals are most closely related?