1. Finding Order in Diversity
Notes
Finding Order in Diversity
Chapter 18
Section 1

2. Why Classify?

3. Why do we classify organisms?
Organize into biologically meaningful groups
Show relationships
Give universally accepted scientific names
Eliminate confusion!

4. How Do We Name Organisms?
In 1735, a Swedish botanist developed a system of naming organisms
What was this system called?
Binomial nomenclature
What does this stand for?
2 name naming
Who was this Swed?
Carolus Linnaeus

5. Linnaeus

6. The Fundamentals of Binomial Nomenclature
Each organism given a two part name.
The first word is its Genus group
Second word is descriptive and is its species name
Use Latin to compose the names. Why?
Latin is a dead language.
Scientific names are written in English characters world-wide.
Scientific names are always italicized or underlined with Genus name capitalized

7. Binomial Nomenclature – Some Examples
Homo sapien =
Human
Chemistry Teacher =
Chemis nerdus

8. Felis domesticus
Cat

9. Canis familiaris
dog

10. Acer rubrum
Red Maple

11. Taraxacum officionale
dandelion

12. Taxonomy The science of naming organisms and assigning them to groups.
Taxa (Taxon) =
The assigned groups
Linnaeus began grouping by morphology (form and structure)

13. The Taxa
What is the smallest group with the most similarities among members?
species
And a group of similar species is called?
Genus

14. Examples Panthera leo = lion Panthera tigris = tiger
Felis domesticus =
Cat
Felis concolor =
Mountain lion
Genus = Panthera
Genus = Felis

15. Continuing with the Taxa
Groups of similar Genera form a:
Family
Felidae = cat family and includes Genera
Panthera, Felis, Acinonyx and other cat Genera

16. Continuing with the Taxa
Several similar Families form an
Order
Carnivora is the Order containing Families:
Felidae, Ursidae, Canidae, etc.

17. Continuing with the Taxa
Orders are grouped into…
Classes
Mammalia formed from orders Carnivora, Primates, Rodentia, etc.

18. Continuing with the Taxa
Many classes are grouped together into
Phyla
Chordata includes the classes Mammalia, Reptilia, Aves & Osteichthyes, etc.

19. Continuing with the Taxa
Many Phyla together form a…
Kingdom
Kingdom Animalia includes Phyla Chordata, Arthropoda, Annelida, Porifera & Echinodermata, etc.

20. Putting it in perspective
The Kingdom is the largest group with the least number of common characteristics among its members.
The species is the smallest group with the most number of common characteristics.

21. The Taxa of…?