1. Chapter 8-1

2. Chapter 8-2 Reporting and Analyzing Receivables Financial Accounting, Fifth Edition

3. Chapter 8-3 1. 1.Identify the different types of receivables. 2. 2.Explain how accounts receivable are recognized in the accounts. 3. 3.Describe the methods used to account for bad debts. 4. 4.Compute the interest on notes receivable. 5. 5.Describe the entries to record the disposition of notes receivable. 6. 6.Explain the statement presentation of receivables. 7. 7.Describe the principles of sound accounts receivable management. 8. 8.Identify ratios to analyze a company’s receivables. 9. 9.Describe methods to accelerate the receipt of cash from receivables. Study Objectives

4. Chapter 8-4 Types of Receivables Accounts Receivable Notes Receivable Statement Presentation of Receivables Managing Receivables Reporting and Analyzing Receivables Accounts receivable Notes receivable Other receivables Recognizing accounts receivable Valuing accounts receivable Determining maturity date Computing interest Recognizing notes receivable Valuing notes receivable Disposing of notes receivable Balance sheet and notes Income statement Extending credit Establishing a payment period Monitoring collections Evaluating liquidity of receivables Accelerating cash receipts

5. Chapter 8-5 Amounts due from individuals and other companies that are expected to be collected in cash. Amounts owed by customers that result from the sale of goods and services. Accounts Receivable Types of Receivables SO 1 Identify the different types of receivables. Claims for which formal instruments of credit are issued as proof of debt. “Nontrade” (interest, loans to officers, advances to employees, and income taxes refundable). Notes Receivable Other Receivables

6. Chapter 8-6 Two accounting issues: 1.Recognizing accounts receivable. 2.Valuing accounts receivable. Accounts Receivable SO 2 SO 2 Explain how accounts receivable are recognized in the accounts. A service organization records a receivable when it provides service on account. A merchandiser records accounts receivable at the point of sale of merchandise on account. Recognizing Accounts Receivable

7. Chapter 8-7 Illustration: Illustration: Assume that you use your JCPenney Company credit card to purchase clothing with a sales price of $300. Assuming that you owe $300 at the end of the month, and JCPenney charges 1.5% per month on the balance due. Prepare the entry to record the sale and the adjusting entry to record interest revenue. Accounts receivable300.00 Sales300.00 SO 2 Explain how companies recognize accounts receivable. Accounts receivable4.50 Interest revenue (300 x 1.5%) 4.50 Accounts Receivable

8. Chapter 8-8 Valuing Accounts Receivables Classification Valuation (net realizable value) Uncollectible Accounts Receivable Sales on account raise the possibility of accounts not being collected Accounts Receivable SO 3 Describe the methods used to account for bad debts.

9. Chapter 8-9 Allowance Method Losses are estimated: better matching. receivable stated at net realizable value. required by GAAP. Methods of Accounting for Uncollectible Accounts Direct Write-Off Theoretically undesirable: no matching. receivable not stated at net realizable value. not acceptable for financial reporting. Valuing Accounts Receivable SO 3 Describe the methods used to account for bad debts.

10. Chapter 8-10 Illustration: Illustration: Assume, for example, that Warden Co. writes off M. E. Doran’s $200 balance as uncollectible on December 12. Warden’s entry is: Bad debt expense200 Accounts receivable200 Valuing Accounts Receivable Direct Write-off Method for Uncollectible Accounts SO 3 Describe the methods used to account for bad debts.

11. Chapter 8-11 Valuing Accounts Receivable Allowance Method for Uncollectible Accounts 1.Companies estimate uncollectible accounts receivable. 2.To record estimated uncollectibles, companies debit Bad Debts Expense and credit Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (a contra-asset account). 3.When companies write off specific uncollectible accounts, they debit Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and credit Accounts Receivable. SO 3 Describe the methods used to account for bad debts.

12. Chapter 8-12 Illustration: Assume that Hampson Furniture has credit sales of $1,200,000 in 2010, of which $200,000 remains uncollected at December 31. The credit manager estimates that $12,000 of these sales will prove uncollectible. Valuing Accounts Receivable Bad debts expense12,000Dec. 31 Allowance for doubtful accounts12,000 SO 3 Describe the methods used to account for bad debts.

13. Chapter 8-13 Valuing Accounts Receivable Illustration 8-3 Presentation of allowance for doubtful accounts SO 3 Describe the methods used to account for bad debts.

14. Chapter 8-14 Illustration: Assume that the vice-president of finance of Hampson Furniture on March 1, 2011, authorizes a write- off of the $500 balance owed by R. A. Ware. The entry to record the write-off is: Valuing Accounts Receivable Allowance for doubtful accounts 500Mar. 1 Accounts receivable500 Recording Write-off of an Uncollectible Account Illustration 8-4 SO 3 Describe the methods used to account for bad debts.

15. Chapter 8-15 Illustration: Assume that on July 1, R. A. Ware pays the $500 amount that Hampson Furniture had written off on March 1. Hampson makes these entries: Valuing Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable 500Jul. 1 Allowance for doubtful accounts 500 Recovery of an Uncollectible Account Cash 5001 Accounts receivable500 SO 3 Describe the methods used to account for bad debts.

16. Chapter 8-16 Estimating the Allowance Valuing Accounts Receivable Under the percentage of receivables basis, management establishes a percentage relationship between the amount of receivables and expected losses from uncollectible accounts. SO 3 Describe the methods used to account for bad debts.

17. Chapter 8-17 Under percentage of receivables basis, management establishes a percentage relationship between the amount of receivables and expected losses from uncollectible accounts. Valuing Accounts Receivable Illustration 8-6 SO 3 Describe the methods used to account for bad debts.

18. Chapter 8-18 Illustration: Assume the unadjusted trial balance shows Allowance for Doubtful Accounts with a credit balance of $528. Prepare the adjusting entry assuming $2,228 is the estimate of uncollectible receivables from the aging schedule. Valuing Accounts Receivable Bad debts expense 1,700Dec. 31 Allowance for doubtful accounts 1,700 Estimating the Allowance Illustration 8-7 Bad debts accounts after posting

19. Chapter 8-19 Valuing Accounts Receivable Illustration 8-8 Note disclosure of accounts receivable SO 3 Describe the methods used to account for bad debts.

20. Chapter 8-20

21. Chapter 8-21 Notes Receivable Companies may grant credit in exchange for a promissory note. A promissory note is a written promise to pay a specified amount of money on demand or at a definite time. Promissory notes may be used: 1. when individuals and companies lend or borrow money, 2. when amount of transaction and credit period exceed normal limits, or 3. in settlement of accounts receivable.

22. Chapter 8-22 Illustration 8-9 Notes Receivable To the Payee, the promissory note is a note receivable. To the Maker, the promissory note is a note payable.

23. Chapter 8-23 Determining the Maturity Date SO 4 Compute the interest on notes receivable. Notes Receivable Note expressed in terms of Months Days Computing Interest Illustration 8-10

24. Chapter 8-24 Computing Interest SO 4 Compute the interest on notes receivable. Notes Receivable When counting days, omit the date the note is issued, but include the due date. Illustration 8-11

25. Chapter 8-25 Recognizing Notes Receivable SO 4 Compute the interest on notes receivable. Notes Receivable Illustration: Assuming that Brent Company wrote a $1,000, two-month, 8% promissory note dated May 1, to settle an open account. Prepare entry would Wilma Company makes for the receipt of the note. Notes receivable 1,000 May 1 Accounts receivable 1,000

26. Chapter 8-26 Valuing Notes Receivable Notes Receivable Like accounts receivable, companies report short- term notes receivable at their cash (net) realizable value. Estimation of cash realizable value and bad debts expense are done similarly to accounts receivable. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts is used. SO 4 Compute the interest on notes receivable.

27. Chapter 8-27 Disposing of Notes Receivable SO 5 Describe the entries to record the disposition of notes receivable. Notes Receivable 1. Notes may be held to their maturity date. 2. Maker may default and payee must make an adjustment to the account. 3. Holder speeds up conversion to cash by selling the note receivable.

28. Chapter 8-28 Honor of Notes Receivable SO 5 Describe the entries to record the disposition of notes receivable. Notes Receivable A note is honored when its maker pays it in full at its maturity date. Dishonor of Notes Receivable A dishonored note is not paid in full at maturity. Dishonored note receivable is no longer negotiable. Disposing of Notes Receivable

29. Chapter 8-29 Illustration: Assume that Wolder Co. lends Higley Inc. $10,000 on June 1, accepting a five-month, 9% interest note. If Wolder presents the note to Higley Inc. on November 1, the maturity date, Wolder’s entry to record the collection is: Honor of Notes Receivable SO 5 Describe the entries to record the disposition of notes receivable. Notes Receivable Cash 10,375Jun. 1 Notes receivable 10,000 Interest revenue 375 ($10,000 x 9% x 5/12 = $ 375)

30. Chapter 8-30 Illustration: Suppose instead that Wolder Co. prepares financial statements as of September 30. Prepare the adjusting entry by Wolder is for four months ending Sept. 30. Accrual of Interest SO 5 Describe the entries to record the disposition of notes receivable. Notes Receivable Interest receivable 300Sept. 1 Interest revenue 300 ($10,000 x 9% x 4/12 = $ 300)

31. Chapter 8-31 Illustration: Prepare the entry Wolder’s would make to record the honoring of the Higley note on November 1. Honor of Notes Receivable SO 5 Describe the entries to record the disposition of notes receivable. Notes Receivable Cash 10,375Nov. 1 Notes receivable 10,000 Interest receivable300 Interest revenue 75

32. Chapter 8-32 Financial Statement Presentation SO 6 Explain the statement presentation of receivables. Illustration 8-12 Balance sheet presentation of receivables

33. Chapter 8-33 Managing Receivables Financial Statement Presentation SO 7 Describe the principles of sound accounts receivable management. Managing accounts receivable involves five steps: 1.Determine to whom to extend credit. 2.Establish a payment period. 3.Monitor collections. 4.Evaluate the liquidity of receivables. 5.Accelerate cash receipts from receivables when necessary.

34. Chapter 8-34

35. Chapter 8-35 Evaluating Liquidity of Receivables SO 8 Identify ratios to analyze a company’s receivables. Financial Statement Presentation Illustration 8-14

36. Chapter 8-36 Evaluating Liquidity of Receivables Accounts Receivable Turnover is used to: Assess the liquidity of the receivables. Measure the number of times, on average, a company collects receivables during the period. Variant of the accounts receivable turnover ratio is average collection period in terms of days. Used to assess effectiveness of credit and collection policies. Collection period should not exceed credit term period. SO 8 Identify ratios to analyze a company’s receivables. Financial Statement Presentation

37. Chapter 8-37 Accelerating Cash Receipts Three reasons for the sale of receivables: 1.Size. 2.Companies may sell receivables because they may be the only reasonable source of cash. 3.Billing and collection are often time-consuming and costly. SO 9 Describe methods to accelerate the receipt of cash from receivables. Financial Statement Presentation

38. Chapter 8-38 National Credit Card Sales Three parties involved when credit cards are used. 1.credit card issuer, 2.retailer, and 3.customer. SO 9 Describe methods to accelerate the receipt of cash from receivables. Financial Statement Presentation The retailer pays the credit card issuer a fee of 2% to 4% of the invoice price for its services.

39. Chapter 8-39 National Credit Card Sales Illustration: Morgan Marie purchases $1,000 of compact discs for her restaurant from Sondgeroth Music Co., and she charges this amount on her Visa First Bank Card. The service fee that First Bank charges Sondgeroth Music is 3%. SO 9 Describe methods to accelerate the receipt of cash from receivables. Financial Statement Presentation Cash 970 Service charge expense 30 Sales1,000

40. Chapter 8-40 Sale of Receivables to a Factor Illustration: Assume that Hendredon Furniture factors $600,000 of receivables to Federal Factors, Inc. Federal Factors assesses a service charge of 2% of the amount of receivables sold. SO 9 Describe methods to accelerate the receipt of cash from receivables. Financial Statement Presentation Cash 588,000 Service charge expense 12,000 Accounts receivable600,000 A factor is a finance company or bank that buys receivables from businesses for a fee and then collects the payments directly from the customers.

41. Chapter 8-41

42. Chapter 8-42 SO 9 Describe methods to accelerate the receipt of cash from receivables. Financial Statement Presentation

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