1. WAN and Remote Access Technologies
Chapter 16

2. Topics WAN Technologies: Internet Access Technologies
Remote Access Protocols and services
Connections to servers
WAN Technologies:
Packet switching
Circuit switching
ISDN
FDDI T1 T3
OC-x
X.25

3. Remote Access Connection Configuration Requirements
Two basic components:
A remote computer and
A remote access system on the network

4. Hardware Requirements
Modem
Configuring an Internal Modem
Understand IRQ, I/O, and COM ports

5. Modems
Modulator/demodulator
Converts analog signal into digital data
Compatible with telephone system

6. V Dot Standards ITU Standard Speed V.32
9,600 bps synchronous; 4,800 bps asynchronous
V.32 bis
14.4 Kbps synchronous and asynchronous
V.34
28.8 Kbps
V.34 bis
33.6 Kbps
V.42
57.6 Kbps; specifies standards for error checking
V.42 bis
57.6 Kbps; specifies standards for compression
V.90
56 Kbps upstream; 33.6 Kbps downstream because downstream data is modulated

7. Know your available resources
Open Com ports
Open DMA channels
The UART type
Software Requirements

8. Resource Settings for COM1
I/O Address
IRQ

9. IRQ, DMA and I/O Addresses
DMA Assignments 0 = free 1 = free 2 = Floppy Drive 3 = LPT 1 4 = Secondary DMA Controller 5 = free 6 = free 7 = free
I/O Memory Addresses COM 1 = 3F8h COM 2 = 2F8h COM 3 = 3E8h COM 4 = 2E8h LPT 1 = 378h LPT 2 = 278h Primary IDE = 1F0h Secondary IDE = 170h Floppy Drive = 3F0h Network Adapter =
IRQ Assignments 0 = System Timer 1 = Keyboard 2 = Cascade to IRQ 9 3 = COM 2 & 4 4 = COM 1 & 3 5 = LPT 2 6 = Floppy-Drive Controller 7 = LPT 1 8 = Real Time Clock 9 = Cascade from IRQ 2 10 = Available 11 = Available 12 = PS/2 Mouse 13 = Math Coprocessor 14 = Primary Hard-Drive Controller 15 = Secondary Controller

10. WAN Connection Types

11. POTS has many advantages, including:
It is inexpensive to set up. Almost every home in the United States and Canada has or can have a telephone connection.
There are no LAN cabling costs.
Connections are available in many countries throughout the world.
NetTech Solutions

12. Established connection mechanism
Remote Networking
PSTN or
POTS
PSTN
Remote computer
Modem
Modem
Remote
access server
Established connection mechanism
Network resources

13. Supports mobile or distant users
Remote Networking
Supports mobile or distant users
Controls amount of network that is available
Provides network services
File and print services
Database services

14. Remote Access Networking
PSTN or POTS
Remote node
Modem
Modem
Remote
access server
Server provides security
All traffic from remote node passes through server

15. Remote Control Networking
Host client should be a dedicated machine
Remote client
Host client

16. RAS Servers Windows servers Third-party servers
Routing and Remote Access Services (RRAS)
Available for Windows NT 4.0, Windows 2000 Server, Windows XP Professional, and Windows Server
Can use existing user accounts
Third-party servers
Perle
Citrix
Patton
Need to synchronize user accounts

17. Network Protocols
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
Internet Packet eXchange (IPX)
Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP)
Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP)

18. Public and Switched
Public: for a fee, anyone can lease the use of the network, without the need to run cabling.
Switched explains how the phone system works.

19. Terms:
CO: Central Office.
Demarc: Point of control between the user and the Telco.
Local Loop: Region between the CO and the Demarc.

20. Broadband access

21. DSL Customer Telco Voice PSTN Multiplexer DSL modem Digital Local loop
phone line
Voice
PSTN
Multiplexer
DSL modem
Digital

22. DSL Hardware Local loop Customer premises Telco DSL PSTN Voice
splitter
PSTN
Voice
Local
loop
DSLAM
Digital
DSL Modem

23. DSL
Data
Voice
Splitter
DSL network

24. Cable Internet

25. Cable Internet Access
Cable modem
ISP
TV signal
Cable TV feed

26. Point to Multipoint Satellite

27. Leased Data Lines
Telco network
Leased data lines

28. ISDN Channels BRI has two B channels and one D channel.
Maximized throughput of 128Kbps
B channel = Data
D channel = Change and control
BRI = B B D
64K
64K
16K
PRI =
23 B ch. D
64Kx23
64K

29. Network Termination Unit
ISDN
Terminal Adapter
Network Termination Unit
Subscriber
Telco
Packet
data network
Switched
data network TA
NTU
Private
line network
ISDN adapter
ISDN switch

30. Frame Relay ES ES ES ES CSU/DSU Frame Relay Access Device (FRAD)
Customer network
DTE
Clean carrier networks
Less error checking required
CSU/DSU ES ES ES ES
DCE
May 21, 2015
Frame Relay Access Device (FRAD)
Frame Relay
Bearer Services
(FRBS)

31. Another Frame Relay Uses: CIR: Up to 1.544Mbps PVC Permanent
SVC Switched
CIR:
Committed Information Rate
Up to 1.544Mbps

32. Virtual Circuits Logical connections Permanent virtual circuits:
Provider network always on
Switched virtual circuits: Provider
network connects when needed

33. Telco network is always on.
PVCs
DLCI=40
DLCI=16
40 to 16
CIR=56 Kbps
network3
network1
DLCI=20
network4
DLCI=60
DLCI=18
network2
60 to 18
CIR=1.54 Mbps
network5
Telco network is always on.

34. SVCs network3 network1 network4 network2 network5
Telco network is normally off; connections are switched on when needed.

35. The T-Carrier System T-Carrier circuit T1: 24 channels

36. T-Carrier System
Fractional T uses only part of a T service

37. ATM
Fast 155 Mbps to 622 Mbps
Support data, voice, and video
53-byte cell
Built in quality of service
PVC or SVC

38. ATM Private ATM LAN Public ATM network Data ATM switch Voice Video
Endpoints

39. ATM Data
ATM Frame
Header
Payload
5 bytes
48 bytes
53 bytes

40. ATM Virtual Paths VC
1234
VP1
Transmission
Path A
5678
VP2

41. MPLS

42. SONET Synchronous data transport over fiber optic cable
Excellent bandwidth
Built-in fault recovery
Speeds up to 2.48 Gbps
OC and STS specifications
Self-healing dual-fiber ring

43. Optical Carrier (OC) System
OC Specification
Number of Channels
Data Rate
OC 1
810
51.84 Mbps
OC 3
2,430
Mbps
OC 9
7,290
Mbps
OC 12
9,720
Mbps
OC 18
14,580
Mbps
OC 24
19,440
1.244 Gbps
OC 36
26,160
1.866 Gbps
OC 48
2.488Gbps
OC 192
155,520
9.95 Gbps

44. SONET
Synchronous Optical NETwork
Excellent bandwidth management
Built-in fault recovery
High bandwidth = Mbps to 70 Gbps
Often used as a backbone for frame relay and ATM

45. SONET Network Components
Routes between
regional networks
Broadband backbone network
Joins multiple
collector rings
Integrated management
Regional network
DCS to place customer’s signal on ring
Collector ring
LAN

46. SONET Collector Ring
DCS
DCS
OC-3
ATM
T-1
LAN
LAN

47. SONET Regional Ring ADM ADM ADM ADM OC-3 OC-3 Add/Drop Mux
Collector ring
ADM
ADM
OC-12
Collector ring
OC-3
OC-3
Add/Drop Mux
Pass through data
Add data
Drop data

48. Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)
One ring carries control signals
One ring carries data

49. FDDI Connectivity
Nodes are connected to the FDDI network in one of two ways:
Dual attached stations (DAS)
Single attached station (SAS)
DAS
SAS

50. FDDI Failure Recovery
Auto-reconfiguration
Isolation

51. Remote Access Protocols
A remote access protocol manages the connection between a remote computer and a remote access server.
They include:
Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP)
Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) and Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE)
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP)
Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP)
Remote Access Services (RAS)
Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)
Nov 23, 2013

52. Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP)
In 1984, students at the University of California, Berkeley, developed SLIP for UNIX as a way to transmit TCP/IP over serial connections (such as modem connections over POTS).
SLIP does not support encrypted passwords and therefore transmits passwords in clear text, which is not secure at all.

53. PPP
PPP is used to implement TCP/IP; it is the protocol that establishes a connection over point-to-point links (for example, dial-up and dedicated leased lines).
PPP uses the Link Control Protocol (LCP) to communicate between PPP client and host.
PPP uses LCP between client and Host.

54. Configure PPP in Vista
Richard
************
RMFRED

55. PPPoE
This allows the authentication methods of PPP to be used over Ethernet and high-speed Internet connections so individual users can be authenticated for Internet access over a shared medium like Ethernet or DSL.

56. Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP)
PPTP is the Microsoft-created protocol based on PPP.
It is used to create virtual connections across the Internet using TCP/IP and PPP so that two networks can use the Internet as their WAN link and yet retain private network security.
PPTP is both simple and secure.

57. Configure PPTP in Vista
Richard
***********
RMFRED

58. Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP)
Published in 1999 as proposed standard RFC 2661, L2TP has its origins primarily in two older tunneling protocols for PPP: Cisco's Layer 2 Forwarding (L2F) and Microsoft's Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP).
May 26, 2015

59. Tunneling ISP IP data unencapsulated
Carrier protocol (IP) moves the data
Passenger protocol leaves the network
Passenger protocol enters the network
ISP
IP data
encapsulated

60. Tunnel Types ISP ISP Voluntary tunnel from end to end
Compulsory tunnel between routers through public network

61. VPN in Windows 2003
Home

62. Remote Access Services (RAS)
RAS is used in smaller NT 4.0 networks where a dedicated dial-up router is not practical or possible.
Windows 2000, however, comes with the ability to share outbound connections. This is set up with Windows 2000’s RRAS utility.

63. Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)
The Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) is very similar to the Independent Computing Architecture (ICA) protocol used by Citrix products.
It requires port 3389 to be open.
You can start RDP from the RUN line using the MSTSC command.

64. Summary
Summary and
Exam Essentials on page 509
Written Lab on page 510
Review Questions on page 511