1. JCOMM Observation Programmes Support Centre – Argo Information Centre September 2015 Argo Status Argo TC, M. Belbeoch

2. JCOMM Observation Programmes Support Centre – Argo Information Centre September 2015 What is JCOMMOPS ? IOC/WMO coordination, monitoring and support centre for the sustained elements of the GOOS (Argo, DBCP, OceanSITES, SOT, GOSHIP, GLOSS) 6 staff Information System ~800k$/y budget Supported by Ifremer&CLS, 20 Member States, France/Britanny, EU

3. JCOMM Observation Programmes Support Centre – Argo Information Centre September 2015 Member States 28 Countries operate floats, and Argo is reaching new record with 3918 active floats.

4. JCOMM Observation Programmes Support Centre – Argo Information Centre September 2015 Operational Status

5. JCOMM Observation Programmes Support Centre – Argo Information Centre September 2015 4000 or 3700 ? ~4000 units currently operating 3700 reaching users as of Sept. 2015. – 80 iced over – 160 pending (data distribution or location) – 60 have locations but no profiles, or are beached, greylisted, etc. 3200 in the core array (i. e. NO OVERSAMPLING) Platform life cycle @jcommops: – Probable (will to deploy a float with approximate x.y.t) – Confirmed ( ship/cruise identified) – Registered (all metadata ready. formally notified) – Active (sending pulses within defined time window) – Operational (delivering good data at gdacs) – Inactive (no pulses) – Closed ( no chance to come back on line).

6. JCOMM Observation Programmes Support Centre – Argo Information Centre September 2015 Data Flow – PENDING: 147 Argo WHOI36 Argo PMEL25 Argo SIO22 Argo BSH13 Argo UW9 Argo UK Bio8 Argo eq. CHINA6 Argo AUSTRALIA4 E-AIMS4 Argo CANADA3 Argo ITALY3 Coriolis-OVIDE3 Argo eq. NAVOCEANO2 Argo INDIA2 Argo NEW ZELAND2 Coriolis-remOcean2 Argo eq. OIST1 Argo JAMSTEC1 BulArgo1 UNITED STATES94 GERMANY13 UNITED KINGDOM8 CHINA6 FRANCE5 AUSTRALIA4 EUROPEAN UNION4 CANADA3 ITALY3 INDIA2 JAPAN2 NEW ZELAND2 BULGARIA1

7. JCOMM Observation Programmes Support Centre – Argo Information Centre September 2015 Missing GDACs: 12 WMOPROGRAMTELECOM_IDT_TYPEMODELAge (days)DACGTS 5903129Argo BRAZIL Navy137362ARGOSARVOR221Coriolis 6902632Argo BSH151637ARGOSAPEX22Coriolis 6902635Argo BSH151640ARGOSAPEX22Coriolis 6902633Argo BSH151638ARGOSAPEX23Coriolis 6901911Argo BSH143932ARGOSARVOR152Coriolis 6902636Argo BSH151641ARGOSAPEX28Coriolis 6902634Argo BSH151639ARGOSAPEX22Coriolis 2901705Argo NIMR/KMA127464ARGOSAPEX791NIMR/KMAYES 2901744Argo NIMR/KMA145987ARGOSAPEX140NIMR/KMA 6901167Argo UK126877ARGOSAPEX441BODC 6901723Coriolis-OVIDE144166ARGOSARVOR39Coriolis 6901594Coriolis-OVIDE132027ARGOSPROVOR119Coriolis

8. JCOMM Observation Programmes Support Centre – Argo Information Centre September 2015 MISSING JCOMMOPS Notification mandatory – Before deployment – In practice just after is acceptable – And 2 years after ? WMO PROGRAM/COUNTRY 2901213 VERY OLD ERROR - NIMR/KMA 2901732 NIMR/KMA 2901748 NIMR/KMA 2901749 NIMR/KMA

9. JCOMM Observation Programmes Support Centre – Argo Information Centre September 2015 Missing GTS Argo eq. NAVOCEANO130HEADER ? Argo INDIA91SOLVED at MF Argo CANADA10NEW HEADER Argo BSH6NO GDAC Argo CHINA SOA3PROVOR Argo JAMSTEC3DEEP Coriolis-OVIDE2NO GDAC Argo AUSTRALIA eq.1NO GDAC Argo BRAZIL Navy1NO GDAC Argo CHINA1NO GDAC Argo NIMR/KMA1NO GDAC Argo UK1NO GDAC Argo UW-SOCCOM eq.1

10. JCOMM Observation Programmes Support Centre – Argo Information Centre September 2015 Argo Global Design (draft)

11. JCOMM Observation Programmes Support Centre – Argo Information Centre September 2015 Deep Argo

12. JCOMM Observation Programmes Support Centre – Argo Information Centre September 2015 Bio Argo (draft)

13. JCOMM Observation Programmes Support Centre – Argo Information Centre September 2015 Enhancements Additional funding not in sight for all expansions Logistics challenge for SO Diplomatic challenge for Marginal Seas and key EEZs (ex. Pacific) => cooperation required All requirements for Global Argo mean more than 6000 floats ?

14. JCOMM Observation Programmes Support Centre – Argo Information Centre September 2015 Indicators (Core Argo) CategoryIndicatorMethodTargetNote STATUS Activity108%Nb Active units vs target 32003473/3918 Operationality100%Nb Active units vs target, sending good data 32003200/3700 Intensity89%Nb Deployed over last 12 months vs target 800 ? for the core array 715/1027units Density56% of 6x6 well sampled Certainly not 100 % To refine metric DATA Delivery90%, 95%Nb of platforms distributing data vs registered GTS, GDACs 100%, 100% 3520/ 3918, 3749/ 3918 Quality93%, 88% (A) 96% (A or B) % Profile with « good » data TEMP, PSAL 3rd Quarter DM Processing70%Ratio DM/DM Eligible 100%As of 01/10/2015 Timeliness89% (GTS) 81% (GDACs) Nb Obs. < 24h vs Total Obs. 100%, 100%September Delays7h, 25h (GTS) 11h, 35h (GDACs) Median, Average Delay 24hSeptember INSTRUMENTATION Reliability85%Average age of latest dead floats 1500 days1281 days 3rd quarter Half-life91% surviving 750 days 100%901/985 Deployed [T-1115;T-750]

15. JCOMM Observation Programmes Support Centre – Argo Information Centre September 2015 Networks First deep Argo floats (ARVOR_D, NINJA_D, SOLO_D) are operating.

16. JCOMM Observation Programmes Support Centre – Argo Information Centre September 2015 Density (core) 56% of the core array is well (or over) sampled.

17. JCOMM Observation Programmes Support Centre – Argo Information Centre September 2015 Density/Age (core) 49% if we consider decimal floats (weighted by their probability to die).

18. JCOMM Observation Programmes Support Centre – Argo Information Centre September 2015 Density/Age (core) Spatial analysis allows to identify hot/cold spots and highlight gaps. In particular, below 45°S in Indian and Atlantic.

19. JCOMM Observation Programmes Support Centre – Argo Information Centre September 2015 Density 6° x 6° For the Global array, Southern Ocean remains the challenge.

20. JCOMM Observation Programmes Support Centre – Argo Information Centre September 2015 Density/Age 6°x 6°

21. JCOMM Observation Programmes Support Centre – Argo Information Centre September 2015 Density/Age vs Plans

22. JCOMM Observation Programmes Support Centre – Argo Information Centre September 2015 Deployment Plans Score Use the following map to optimize your deployment locations if required.

23. JCOMM Observation Programmes Support Centre – Argo Information Centre September 2015 Plans Please provide your draft plans as soon as possible (any format is accepted). Standrda JCOMMOPS txt format is gradually used by all programmes: ID (any);WMO (if exists);LAT;LON;DATE;SHIP;CRUISE

24. JCOMM Observation Programmes Support Centre – Argo Information Centre September 2015 Action!!! Provide draft depl. plans to JCOMMOPS – Format= ID;WMO;LAT;LON;DATE;SHIP,CRUISE – Maintain same file on a yearly basis Important for Argo (international, national, regional) Important for JCOMM integrated perspective Auto loading of: Argo netCDF file, US metafiles, JCOMMOPS text TC can help! Send me the info in any format. Use new JCOMMOPS website to do your planning – We will adapt tools to your requirements Do you need netCDF editor to create file when registering ?

25. JCOMM Observation Programmes Support Centre – Argo Information Centre September 2015 Kaharoha’s contribution ~20% of the active Argo array is implemented by one NZ ship (charter)

26. JCOMM Observation Programmes Support Centre – Argo Information Centre September 2015 Metadata SHIP unique code ready ! – New reference table – Requests to JCOMMOPS for additions – JCOMMOPS – ICES/BODC/Seadatanet DEPLOYMENT_PLATFORM (ideally std table) – KAHAROA DEPLOYMENT_PLATFORM_ID – 61LY (std table) Maintained by JCOMMOPS/ADMT with other ref tables – Governance of reference tables? API soon available to be used by GDAC checkers

27. JCOMM Observation Programmes Support Centre – Argo Information Centre September 2015 Member States Actually more than 150 additional floats are registered but no data is available yet. Argo has certainly more than 4000 units in the ocean.

28. JCOMM Observation Programmes Support Centre – Argo Information Centre September 2015 Member States (zoom) France is just the 2 nd float operator after USA.

29. JCOMM Observation Programmes Support Centre – Argo Information Centre September 2015 Market

30. JCOMM Observation Programmes Support Centre – Argo Information Centre September 2015 Market « New » float manufacturers (SBE and NKE in particular) keep increasing their market. Iridium (and BioArgo) seem stabilizing.

31. JCOMM Observation Programmes Support Centre – Argo Information Centre September 2015 Profiles Delayed mode quality control still remain a challenge (% achieved keeps decreasing slowly). See J. Gilson charts for more details.

32. JCOMM Observation Programmes Support Centre – Argo Information Centre September 2015 Profiles Quality (Sep. 2015) A quick view on 2015 3rd quarter profiles quality. 90% of profiles produced are « good ».

33. JCOMM Observation Programmes Support Centre – Argo Information Centre September 2015 What is a good quality profile ? PRES >= B AND TEMP >=B AND PSAL >=B ? Clear logic rule required to build a good performance indicator

34. JCOMM Observation Programmes Support Centre – Argo Information Centre September 2015 Delays Finally monitoring both GDACs Problem detected at FR GDAC early 2015 – Fixed thanks to JCOMMOPS archive Full Excel available for meeting Target (90% within 24h ?) Timeliness89% (GTS) 81% (GDACs) Delays7h, 25h (GTS) 11h, 35h (GDACs)

35. JCOMM Observation Programmes Support Centre – Argo Information Centre September 2015 Overall Median Delays 9-10h

36. JCOMM Observation Programmes Support Centre – Argo Information Centre September 2015 Timeliness – close to Target (90%)

37. JCOMM Observation Programmes Support Centre – Argo Information Centre September 2015 CSIRO

38. JCOMM Observation Programmes Support Centre – Argo Information Centre September 2015 Coriolis

39. JCOMM Observation Programmes Support Centre – Argo Information Centre September 2015 AOML

40. JCOMM Observation Programmes Support Centre – Argo Information Centre September 2015 INCOIS

41. JCOMM Observation Programmes Support Centre – Argo Information Centre September 2015 BODC

42. JCOMM Observation Programmes Support Centre – Argo Information Centre September 2015 JMA

43. JCOMM Observation Programmes Support Centre – Argo Information Centre September 2015 SOA/SIO-2

44. JCOMM Observation Programmes Support Centre – Argo Information Centre September 2015 NMDIS

45. JCOMM Observation Programmes Support Centre – Argo Information Centre September 2015 ISDM

46. JCOMM Observation Programmes Support Centre – Argo Information Centre September 2015 KMA

47. JCOMM Observation Programmes Support Centre – Argo Information Centre September 2015 KORDI

48. JCOMM Observation Programmes Support Centre – Argo Information Centre September 2015 GDACs Timeliness, DACs

49. JCOMM Observation Programmes Support Centre – Argo Information Centre September 2015 GDACs Delays, DACs

50. JCOMM Observation Programmes Support Centre – Argo Information Centre September 2015 Reliability

51. JCOMM Observation Programmes Support Centre – Argo Information Centre September 2015 Argo / not Argo ? Need a clear policy. Challenging. Need to sort out the existing (not only new ones) Not only GDAC data issues … – International regulations (transparency) – Best practices (cycling, sampling, beached floats retrieval) – GTS RT distribution for most of operational users Some metadata should tag clearly floats to make the difference with Argo, R&D and « non core Argo » floats – Preserve the « Argo label quality » – Allow interoperability for data validation, reliability tracking, transparency – Allow some diversity New metadata? ARGO_GROUP? New directory (hidden to public users) at GDACs? « Quarantine »

52. JCOMM Observation Programmes Support Centre – Argo Information Centre September 2015 Summary & Challenges High level of international cooperation – Missing new key national partners – Need help from civil society? Contributions from major players is likely to decrease (US, Japan, Australia) due to flat (< inflation) or decreasing funding Europe or Asia won’t likely compensate this Good diversity of industrial partners – Float reliability not progressing anymore - won’t compensate neither – Diversity required for sensors, and telecommunication systems

53. JCOMM Observation Programmes Support Centre – Argo Information Centre September 2015 Summary & Challenges Well established data system (advanced data/metadata format) – Major format upgrade (sensors diversity) – Continuous efforts to provide a high quality dataset (70% DMQC achieved) – Seek convergence between GTS/WIGOS, GDACS, Seadatanet (e.g.) metadata reference tables – Keeps improving delays but progress required for some DACs – Check NOAA/OSMC feedback on CF compliancy Increasing data uptake – Do we know well our users ? – Do we prepare the future ? – Need to keep innovating and move from dir/files to the cloud/API – ERRDAP installation at both GDACs could be simple addition

54. JCOMM Observation Programmes Support Centre – Argo Information Centre September 2015 Summary & Challenges While Argo will probably reach a top in 2015, a degradation of the array in the next years is anticipated Thank you.

55. JCOMM Observation Programmes Support Centre – Argo Information Centre September 2015 Barcelona World Race 2014-2015 https://youtu.be/n7ObTd8AfWY