1. Working with Formulas and Functions
Lesson 5 Part 1
Created by: Qusheba Collins

2. Learning Objectives Build Formulas Copy Formulas
Use absolute and relative cell references
Edit formulas
Use the SUM and AutoSum functions
Insert Date Functions
Using conditional logic in a formula
Understand basic statistical functions
Work with three-dimensional functions
Created by: Qusheba Collins

3. Formulas Formulas using the following operators:
A formula instructions the software to perform a calculation
Example: =A1+A2
Formulas begin with the equal sign (=) or in some cases the plus (+)
Formulas using the following operators:
Addition: +
Division: /
Multiplication: *
Subtraction: -
These are also know as arithmetic operators
Created by: Qusheba Collins

4. Order of Operations
Calculations are performed according to the Order of Operations
Parentheses
Exponents
Multiplication and division (from left to right)
Addition and subtraction (from left to right)
Created by: Qusheba Collins

5. Order of Operations continued…
Ex: In the equation =5+2*3, the result is 11 because the multiplication operation is performed first and then added to the number 5.
To change the order of operations, simply place parentheses around the part of the formula to calculated first.
Ex: =(5+2)*3, the results are 21 because you add what is in the parentheses first and then multiply it by 3.
Created by: Qusheba Collins

6. Problem
Which operation would be performed first in the following equation?
=(A8+C9)/(H8-L9)
Created by: Qusheba Collins

7. Formula Bar The formula bar allows you to key in the formula.
You may also key a formula directly into a cell.
Formulas are not case specific. They may be keyed in upper or lower case.
Created by: Qusheba Collins

8. Building Formulas
When entering a formula can use the point and click method, that is similar to entering a formula manually into a cell, instead of using the formula bar.
Created by: Qusheba Collins

9. Using both the equal and plus sign in an equation will give you the same results.
Created by: Qusheba Collins

10. Copying Formulas
Copying formulas prevents repeated entry of the same formula.
Most formulas contain relative references (cells that will change) that will automatically adjust to the pasted area.
Hot Keys
Copy: CTRL + C
Paste: CTRL + V
Created by: Qusheba Collins

11. Working with Cell References
A cell reference indicates a cell’s location and provides instructions for how cell data is copied or used in calculations.
Created by: Qusheba Collins

12. Working with Cell References continued…
Relative Cell Reference
Absolute Cell Reference
A relative cell reference means that the cell value changes “relative” to the cell in which it is copied.
An absolute cell reference means that the cell value remains constant when copied to another cell or used in a formula.
Ex. $A$3
Toggle Absolute Reference: F4
Created by: Qusheba Collins

13. Editing Formulas
A formula can be edited any time after it has been created. You may change it in the formula bar or by double clicking the cell the formula is located and making the changes there.
Hot Key
Edit Mode – F2
Created by: Qusheba Collins

14. Exploring Functions
A function is a special formula that does not use arithmetic operators to calculate a result. It is also known as a shortcut formula.
An argument is a value that provides information to an action, event, method, property, function, or procedure.
Created by: Qusheba Collins

15. Basic Statistical Functions
Addition Function: = SUM()
Average Function: =AVERAGE()
Maximum Function: =MAX()
Minimum Function: =MIN()
Count Function: =COUNT()
Created by: Qusheba Collins

16. AutoSum
AutoSum allows you select a set of cells relative to cell the function is located in to be added.
It resembles the Greek letter sigma and can be found in the editing group on the Home tab.
Hot Key: ALT + =
Created by: Qusheba Collins

17. Date Functions
=NOW() returns the current date and time format as date and time to be used in calculations rather than a label (constant).
=TODAY() returns the current date as a date.
We will look at explanation in the Excel help menu to explain how date and time are based upon the computer system’s date and time.
Created by: Qusheba Collins

18. Using Logic in Formulas and Creating a Three- Dimensional Formula will be explained in Part II of the PPT. As of now we will focus on these. Let’s begin creating basic formulas and functions.
Created by: Qusheba Collins