12. ONTARIO DATA: Event 3, during the GCPEx campaign 2DVD-data-based rain index seems to increase with the bright-band intensity, i.e. the points getting closer to the separation line in the N W - D 0 domain.

13. The stratiform-convective rain separation method uses the DSD characteristics. The method was initially developed based on dual-frequency observations and dual-polarization data in Darwin. Testing was carried out in two other sites, namely, Ontario, Canada, and Huntsville, Alabama. For the Ontario case, three cold-rain events were examined. A bright-band detection algorithm was developed which also outputs the bright-band maximum intensity and the corresponding height. Our index scheme seems to increase with the bright-band maximum intensity, i.e. the thicker the band, the closer the N W - D 0 gets to the separation line. For the Huntsville case, our method does very well vast majority of the time when compared with UHF Profiler and X-band VPR observations. During transitions from Mixed to Convective and vice versa, the S/M/C rain indexing method can fail, Reasons: (i) Definition of C/S/M (i.e., subjective interpretation of profiler data); (ii) Precipitation streamers (raindrops being advected). Testing is ongoing; the bright-band detection algorithm output will be used in a more ‘quantitative’ manner in the future to compare against the 2DVD based rain classification.

14. From Bringi et al. (2003) : Raindrop Size Distribution in Different Climatic Regimes from Disdrometer and Dual- Polarized Radar Analysis. J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 354–365. APPENDIX: Our separator line also seems to separate the N W versus D M data from Bringi et al. (2003) for stratiform and convective rain for different locations and climatologies. Data points : stratiform in blue and convective in red, and our separation line(s) in green,where  has been set to -2, 0, 3, 5 Shallow convection – subtropical, oceanic, may need special categorization.

15. Acknowledgments: We wish to thank Prof. Bringi (CSU) for useful discussions. Also to Dr. D. Hudak and P. Rodreguez of Environment Canada for supplying the VertiX data from Ontario and to Dr. K. Knupp for the UHF profiler data at UAH. The work was funded by the NASA Precipitation Measurement Mission program. Questions can be emailed to: merhala@engr.colostate.edu