1. ELA Writing Standards and the ESL Learner: Classroom Strategies Joseph Manja Equipping the ESL Student to Meet Common Core Writing Standards

2. Common Core Writing Standards & The ESL Student Welcome/Preview Welcome to: ELA Writing Standards & the ESL Learner Preview: Today I’d like to share with you classroom strategies that will better equip you to help ESL students in your classroom to meet Common Core Writing Standards.

3. Common Core Writing Standards & The ESL Student Question For how many of you are at least half of your students English a Second Language (ESL) learners? What I would like to give you now are some classroom strategies for helping your students learn to write a formal argumentative essay.

4. Common Core Writing Standards & The ESL Student Argumentative Essay Common Core Writing Standard for an argumentative essay: Write arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence.

5. Organization 1a.a. Introduce precise claims. 1a.b. Distinguish the claim(s) from alternate or opposing claim(s). 1a.c. Create an organization that establishes clear relationships among claims, counter claims, reasons and evidence. Content/Audience 1b. Develop claim(s) and counterclaims fairly, supplying evidence for each while pointing out the strengths and limitations of both in a manner that anticipates the audience's knowledge level and concerns. Common Core Writing Standards & The ESL Student Organization,Content, Audience: Substandards 1a & 1b

6. Organization 1a.a. Introduce precise claims. 1a.b. Distinguish the claim(s) from alternate or opposing claim(s). 1a.c. Create an organization that establishes clear relationships among claims, counter claims, reasons and evidence. Content/Audience 1b. Develop claim(s) and counterclaims fairly, supplying evidence for each while pointing out the strengths and limitations of both in a manner that anticipates the audience's knowledge level and concerns. Common Core Writing Standards & The ESL Student Organization,Content, Audience: Substandards 1a & 1b

7. Go from straightforward to more complex topics. Essentially-learn to swim in a pool before launching out in the ocean. What are some examples of straightforward topics? What are we asking students to do here? Common Core Writing Standards & The ESL Student Classroom Strategy 1: Scaffolding-Introduce Claim

8. Common Core Writing Standards & The ESL Student Straightforward to Complex So if the first step is writing a paragraph on what your claim is then…. What are we asking students to do here? What is our objective for this step?.

9. Common Core Writing Standards & The ESL Student Classroom Strategy 2: Flesh Out A Claim. 1.Separate into Groups based on the candy you were given: Snickers = School Uniforms Bounty = Video Games Twix = Arranged Marriages 2.Using the graphic organizer: Write a paragraph in which you give 3 points supporting your claim. Make each supporting point a major point in your outline.

10. Common Core Writing Standards & The ESL Student An Example: Claim/Counter-Claim/Rebuttal Claim: “Choosing healthy food helps us live longer, be more active and have a happier outlook on life.” Counter-Claim; “People are too busy to choose healthy foods.” Rebuttal: “Yet lines in fast food courts can be long. Eating out all of the time can become expensive….”

11. Common Core Writing Standards & The ESL Student From Thesis Statement to Main Points Intro (3-4 sentences) Thesis statement: Choosing healthy food helps us: Point 1:Live longer Point 2:Be More Active Point 3:Have A Happier Outlook On Life Paragraph 1 (point 1) Statement: Choosing healthy food helps us to live longer Evidence: These sources show that…. Analysis: They explain why the evidence supports their claim statement. Paragraph 2 (point 2) Statement: Choosing healthy food helps us to be stronger and more active. Evidence: These sources show that… Analysis: They explain why the evidence supports their claim statement. Paragraph 3 (point 3) Statement: Choosing healthy food helps us to have a happier outlook on life… Evidence: These sources show that… Analysis: They explain why the evidence supports their claim statement

12. Common Core Writing Standards & The ESL Student Counter-Claim(s) & Conclusion Paragraph 4 (Counter-Claim(s)) 1.Counter Claim(s): These are introduced fairly and clearly rebuffed. Be sure to choose relevant topics—issues students care about. If this is not possible, one way around this is to show the student the relevance of the topic for their situation. 2.Example: Consider this questions from Macbeth: Who is more evil— Macbeth or Lady Macbeth? Most students will say: “Who cares?” So what do you do? What about:—“We have all met people like Macbeth and Lady Macbeth haven’t we?” This now helps them to better understand real people in their lives—Yes? Conclusion (Rewrite thesis statement) 1.Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the argument presented. 2. Write your “Bang” statement—the last strong sentence that your readers will walk away with which follows from and supports your argument.

13. Common Core Writing Standards & The ESL Student From: Organization, Content & Audience to Style Note that the first two have dealt very much with organization, content and audience. Right? Now the next three standards will deal with style (word choice and grammar).

14. Style 1c. Use words, phrases, and clauses to link the major sections of the text, create cohesion, and clarify the relationships between claim(s) and reasons, between reasons and evidence, and between claim(s) and counterclaims. 1d. Establish and maintain a formal style and objective tone while attending to the norms and conventions of the discipline in which they are writing. 1e. Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the argument presented. Common Core Writing Standards & The ESL Student Style: Substandards 1c,1d & 1e

15. Style 1c. Use words, phrases, and clauses to link the major sections of the text, create cohesion, and clarify the relationships between claim(s) and reasons, between reasons and evidence, and between claim(s) and counterclaims. 1d. Establish and maintain a formal style and objective tone while attending to the norms and conventions of the discipline in which they are writing. 1e. Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the argument presented. Common Core Writing Standards & The ESL Student Style: Substandards 1c,1d & 1e

16. Common Core Writing Standards & The ESL Student Classroom Strategy 3: Linking and Relational Words Break-up into your groups. Organize paragraphs and supply transitions. Use bank of words and phrases to complete task.

17. Common Core Writing Standards & The ESL Student Relationship Between Claim & Analysis 1.Claim & Analysis/Reason Example: Claim = Eating healthy will mean living longer. Analysis/Reason = Since we want more time with those we love, we should eat healthy. 2.Reason & Evidence. Example: Reason = We want to be with those we love longer. Evidence = Medical studies that link longer lives with healthy eating habits. 3.Claims and counterclaims Example: Counter-claim = Eating healthy takes too much time. Using contrastive phrases: on the one hand, on the other hand, however, while, but…

18. Common Core Writing Standards & The ESL Student Classroom Strategy 4 : Writing A Counter-Claim Paragraph 4 (Counter-Claim(s)) 1.Counter Claim(s): These are introduced fairly and clearly rebuffed. Be sure to choose relevant topics—issues students care about. If this is not possible, one way around this is to show the student the relevance of the topic for their situation. 2.Example: Consider this questions from Macbeth: Who is more evil—Macbeth or Lady Macbeth? Most students will say: “Who cares?” So what do you do?

19. Common Core Writing Standards & The ESL Student Classroom Strategy 5: Maintaining A Formal Style 1.Writing in 3 rd Person Find “I” and “You” subject sentences. Change sentence subjects to “He”, “She”, “It” and “They”. 2.Get rid of slang. Edit out slang from samples. 3.Formal vs. Casual Tone Identify writing samples as either formal or casual. Change casual to formal.

20. Common Core Writing Standards & The ESL Student Classroom Strategy 6 : Writing A Conclusion Conclusion (Rewrite thesis statement) 1.Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the argument presented. 2. Write your “Bang” statement—the last strong sentence that your readers will walk away with which follows from and supports your argument.