1. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

2. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Cardiovascular System  The heart and blood vessels (veins and arteries)  The heart pumps blood  Blood vessels allow blood to circulate to all parts of the body  The function of the cardiovascular system is to deliver oxygen and nutrients and to remove carbon dioxide and other waste products

3. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Blood Vessels: The Vascular System  Taking blood to the tissues and back  Arteries  Capillaries  Veins Figure 11.8a

4. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Capillary Beds  This is where the exchange of oxygen and CO 2 occurs with cells  These blood vessels are extremely small

5. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Direct Diffusion Through Capillaries

6. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Components of the blood  Red blood cells  White blood cells  Platelet proteins  Plasma

7. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Red blood cells: - Carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body.

8. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings  White blood cells: Help fight infections and aid in the immune response process.

9. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Platelets  Help in blood clotting

10. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Plasma  Yellow liquid component in which cells are suspended

11. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

12. Major Arteries You Need to Know!  Carotid  Subclavian  Aorta (ascending aorta)  Thoracic  Renal  femoral

13. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Major Arteries of Systemic Circulation Figure 11.11 Carotid Subclavian Aorta Femoral Thoracic Renal

14. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Major Veins You Need to Know!  Jugular  Superior vena cava and Inferior vena cava  Brachiocephalic  Femoral  Axillary

15. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Major Veins of Systemic Circulation Figure 11.12 Inferior vena cava Jugular Superior vena cava Femoral Brachiocephalic Axillary

16. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Heart  Location  Between the lungs  Pointed apex directed toward left hip  About the size of your fist

17. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Heart Figure 11.1

18. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings External Heart Anatomy Figure 11.2a

19. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Heart Anatomy  What you need to be able to locate:  Right and left pulmonary arteries  Right and left pulmonary veins  Aorta  Superior and inferior vena cava  Right and left atrium  Right and left ventricle  Bicuspid and tricuspid valves  Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves  Its 11 structures, so learn 4 each night!!!

20. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Heart: Chambers  Right and left side act as separate pumps  Four chambers  Atria  Receiving chambers  Right atrium  Left atrium  Ventricles  Pumping chambers  Right ventricle  Left ventricle Figure 11.2c

21. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Heart: Associated Great Vessels  Aorta  Leaves left ventricle  Pulmonary arteries  Leave right ventricle  Vena cava  Enters right atrium  Pulmonary veins (four)  Enter left atrium

22. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Heart: Valves  Atrioventricular valves – between atria and ventricles  Bicuspid valve (left)  Tricuspid valve (right)

23. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Heart: Valves  Allow blood to flow in only one direction  Four valves  Atrioventricular valves – between atria and ventricles  Bicuspid valve (left)  Tricuspid valve (right)  Semilunar valves between ventricle and artery  Pulmonary semilunar valve  Aortic semilunar valve

24. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Heart: Valves  Semilunar valves between ventricle and artery  Pulmonary semilunar valve  Aortic semilunar valve

25. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Heart: Valves  Valves open as blood is pumped through  Close to prevent backflow  Heart murmur is a semi-faulty valve

26. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Blood Circulation Figure 11.3

27. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Blood Circulation  Where does the heart send/receive blood?  Pulmonary Circuit  Blood goes from right side of the heart to lungs to left side of heart  1. Oxygen poor blood enters right atrium  2. Oxygen poor blood pumped out of right ventricle  3. Pulmonary arteries carry O 2 poor blood to lungs  4. Blood gets its O 2 and then is carried back to left atrium by pulmonary veins

28. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Blood Circulation

29. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Blood Circulation  Systemic Circuit  Blood goes from left side of heart to rest of body to right side of heart  1. O 2 rich blood pumped out of left ventricle  2. Aorta/other arteries take O 2 rich blood to body  3. Blood gives oxygen to body tissues  4. O 2 poor blood brought back to right atrium by vena cava/other veins

30. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Operation of Heart Valves Figure 11.4 ***You don’t need to memorize this page, just know basically how a valve works within the heart

31. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Filling of Heart Chambers – the Cardiac Cycle Figure 11.6