1. European Maritime Empires
Mr. Millhouse
AP World History
Hebron High School

2. Winners: Spain & Portugal?

3. Winners: Spain & Portugal?
Spanish Empire: An Empire of Silver
Portuguese Empire: A Trading-Post Empire
Mostly in the Americas
Mine gold & silver
Used natives as labor
Encomiendas
Repartimiento
Mita
Sociedad de Castas
Mestizos
Catholic Church
Jesuits
Indian Ocean Trading-Posts
Trades spices & sugar
Used slaves as labor
El Mina
Brazil 1st plantation colony
Imports 20% of all slaves
Sociedad de Castas
Mulattos
Catholic Church
Jesuits

4. Losers: Spain & Portugal?
Decline of Spanish Empire: Too rich, too fast?
Decline of Portuguese Empire: Too big, too small?
External Pressure
English, French, & Dutch competition in Caribbean
Costly wars with other European nations
England (Spanish Armada)
Internal Weakness
Inflation
Never develops native industries
Financial systems not sophisticated enough
External Pressure
Dutch takeover Indian Ocean
Costly wars with other European nations
Netherlands
Internal Weakness
Too small
Never develops native industries
Not enough resources

5. Winner: Netherlands (Dutch)

6. An Empire of Spices?

7. An Empire of Sugar?

8. Empire of Commerce
Dutch settlers in South Africa were called Boers

9. Dutch East India Co.
Dutch East India Co. (V.O.C.) was a joint-stock company founded in 1602
Second oldest multinational corporation
British East India Co. founded in 1600
First trade company to exchange stock
Amsterdam Stock Exchange founded in 1602
Granted a 21 year monopoly of the spice trade
“Powers” of the V.O.C.
Wage war
Negotiate treaties
Establish colonies
Established Batavia (Jakarta) in 1619
Mint its own coins
Employed nearly 1 million Europeans in Asian trade network over 200 years ( )
Imported 2.5 million tons of Asian luxuries
Used 4,785 ships to transport people and goods

10. Mercantilism
Mercantilism is an economic theory based on the following ideas:
There is a limited amount of wealth (gold & silver) in the world
The country with the most wealth wins
Winning takes maintaining a favorable balance of trade by maximizing exports, minimizing imports, and extracting resources from your colonies
Control trade by granting charters to joint-stock companies (V.O.C.) to monopolize trade

11. Battle for Last: England v. France

12. France: Empire of Fur?

13. England: Empire of Cotton?

14. England: Empire of Capital
ENGLAND WINS!
England
Manufactured goods
Raw materials (cotton, tobacco, indigo, etc.)
GOLD & SILVER
Man. goods
North America
Spain
Manufactured goods
SPAIN LOSES!
Slaves
Triangle Trade or the Atlantic System
Africa
Mercantilism

15. Meanwhile back in Europe…

16. Protestant Reformation

17. Europe after Reformation…
WAR!!!

18. Scientific Revolution

20. Commercial Revolution
Rise of Capitalism
Commercial Revolution
England
Manufactured goods
Raw materials (cotton, tobacco, indigo, etc.)
GOLD & SILVER
Man. goods
North America
Spain
Manufactured goods
SPAIN LOSES!
Slaves
Triangle Trade or the Atlantic System
Africa

21. Meanwhile back in Europe…

22. Post-Classical Europe: A Review
Roman Empire
(31 BCE – 476 CE)
Germanic Kingdoms
Clovis, Charlemagne, etc.
Byzantine Empire
(conquered 1453)
Feudal Kingdoms
Feudal Monarchy
France, England, etc.
Magna Carta, 1215

23. Political Trends 1450-1750 Three new developments
Rise of nation-states
A political unit consisting of an autonomous state inhabited predominantly by a people sharing a common culture, history, and language.
Rise of absolute monarchy
Monarch serves as the source of power in the state and is not legally bound by any constitution (Spain, France, Russia, etc.)
Rise of limited monarchy
Parliamentary monarchy or constitutional monarchy (England & Netherlands)
Monarch acts as head of state with powers limited by a parliament or a constitution

24. Europe in 1700 C.E.

25. Absolute Monarchy: France
Louis XIV ( )
Named king at age 4
Advised by Cardinal Mazarin until 1661
Divine Right of Kings
Secularized France
Promoted France as a nation-state
Believed the monarch personified the state
Nicknamed the Sun King
“L’État c’est moi” or “I am the state”
Louis XIV ruled France for over 72 years.

26. Reign of Louis XIV Limited power of nobility & Catholic church
Increased size of French bureaucracy
Mercantilism was used to increase the wealth of France
With mercantilism the monarch controls trade
Jean Baptiste Colbert
Fought several wars
War of Spanish Succession
Put France in major debt
Colonization
North America and India
Revoked the Edict of Nantes
Built the Palace of Versailles

27. Palace of Versailles

28. Palace of Versailles
Palace used as a symbol of French wealth and power
Daily routines at Versailles were exploited by Louis XIV
Nobility competed against each other to perform menial tasks for the king

29. Hall of Mirrors

30. Versailles – Some Statistics
Modern cost: over $2,000,000,000
Annual upkeep took 25% of France’s income
Main wing 500 yards long
Two wings: 150 yards long
2,000 rooms
15,000 acres of gardens with 1,400 fountains