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Nuclear Chemistry. The Atom The atom consists of two parts: 1. The nucleus which contains: 2. Orbiting electrons. protons neutrons.

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Presentation on theme: "Nuclear Chemistry. The Atom The atom consists of two parts: 1. The nucleus which contains: 2. Orbiting electrons. protons neutrons."— Presentation transcript:

1 Nuclear Chemistry

2 The Atom The atom consists of two parts: 1. The nucleus which contains: 2. Orbiting electrons. protons neutrons

3 X A Z Mass number Atomic number Element symbol = number of protons + number of neutrons = number of protons

4 U 235 92 U 238 92 There are many types of uranium: Mass # Atomic # Number of protons Number of neutrons Mass # Atomic # Number of protons Number of neutrons 235 92 143 146 92 238

5 Same number of protons but different number of neutrons is an….. ISOTOPE

6 Most naturally occurring isotopes are stable.

7 Atoms want to be stable

8 Determined by ratio of p + to n 0 Nucleus Stability

9 Radioactive Decay (radioactivity) Unstable nuclei decomposes into stable nuclei Half- Life is the time it takes for this decay to occur.

10 Click Link to View Video: https://www.dropbox.com/s/0c380hppk60ikz1/Nuclear%20Half%20Life_%20Calculations.mp4?dl=0

11 Half Life: Time for half of the radioactive nuclide to decay 1.How much of a 100. g sample of 198 Au is left over 8.10 days if its half-life is 2.70 days?

12 2. A 50.0 g sample of 16 N decays to 12.5 g in 14.4 seconds. What is the half-life?

13 3. The half life of 42 K is 12.4 hours. How much of a 750g sample is left over after 62.0 hours?

14 4. What is the half-life of 99 Tc if a 500 g sample decays to 62.5g in 639, 000 years?

15 5. There are 5.0 g of Iodine -131 left after 40.35 days. How many grams were in the original sample if its half-life is 8.07 days?

16 an alpha particle (  ), a beta particle (  ), or a gamma ray  Radioactive Decay emits:

17 When an unstable atom creates an alpha particle. Alpha particle is identical to that of a helium nucleus. It contains two protons and two neutrons. Alpha Decay He 4 2

18 Alpha Decay Ra 226 88 Rn 222 86 He 4 2

19 X A Z Y A - 4 Z - 2 + He 4 2 Alpha Decay unstable atom more stable atom alpha particle

20 Alpha Decay Ra 226 88 + He 4 2 Th 230 90 U 234 92 Th 230 90 + He 4 2 + Pb 214 82 He 4 2 Po 218 84

21 Beta Decay Beta particle is a fast moving electron created when a n 0 changes into a p + & e - When an unstable atom creates a beta particle.

22 Beta Decay Po 218 84  0 At 218 85

23 X A Z Y A Z + 1 +  0 Beta Decay unstable atom more stable atom beta particle

24 Beta Decay Bi 210 83 Po 210 84 +  0 -1 Pb 210 82 Tl 210 81 +  0 Pa 234 91 Th 234 90 +  0

25 Gamma Decay Not a charged particle it is energy, it’s a photon. Electromagnetic radiation with high frequency

26 Draw the correct wave

27 Symbol CompositionRangeShield Alpha Particle He or α Helium nucleus Beta Particle Gamma Ray short Paper, skin

28 Symbol CompositionRangeShield Alpha Particle He or α Helium nucleus Beta Particle e - or β Electron Gamma Ray short Paper, skin Heavy Clothing, glass, light metals, plastic

29 Symbol CompositionRangeShield Alpha Particle He or α Helium nucleus Beta Particle e - or β Electron Gamma Ray  Photons (electromagnetic spectrum) short Paper, skin Heavy Clothing, glass, light metals, plastic Long Lead or concrete


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