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Published byShanon Walsh Modified over 9 years ago
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Section 5-3 Periodic Trends
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Atomic Radius Distance from the center of the atom’s nucleus to the outermost electrons. 1. Atoms get larger going down a group. –More energy levels 2. Atoms get smaller moving from left to right. –Atoms have more protons as you move from left to right. –Therefore, the nucleus has a greater pull on the electrons.
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Atomic Radius Trend
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Ionization Energy The energy needed to remove one of an atom’s electrons. How strong does an atom hold its electrons? 1. Decrease as you move down a group –The smaller the atom the easier it is for the nucleus to hold onto its electrons. –Shielding effect – electrons in lower energy levels shields the outer electrons from the effects of the nucleus
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Ionization Energy cont. 2. Increase as you move from left to right across a period. –More valence electrons (closer to fulfilling the octet rule)
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Electronegativity The ability to attract to attract electrons in a chemical bond 1. Decrease as you move down a group 2. Usually increase across a period –Exclude noble gases (do not form bond.) –Most electronegative element – Fluorine –Least electronegative element - Francium
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Electronegativity Trend
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Ionic Size Ions are atoms that have gained or lost electrons –Positive ion – becomes smaller –Negative ion – becomes larger Electron Affinity – the energy change that occurs when it gains an extra electron.
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