1. Puget Sound Oceanography 2009 Course overview

2. Geology of Puget Sound Started from Pangaea Plate movement, subduction zones, volcanoes and valleys Glaciation – scouring and carving Sea level rise Rivers and sediments

3. Morphology of Puget Sound Basins and sills Rivers - seasonal cycle - east/west differences - differences among basins

4. Circulation fundamentals Exchange circulation - freshwater meets ocean water Tides - mixing - tidal excursion - tidal prism

5. Juan de Fuca South Sound Whidbey Basin Hood Canal Main Basin Stratification and Residence Time Freshwater input Tidal mixing Deep versus shallow basins Knudsen Relation – “The most important equation of estuarine circulation” QRQR Q 1, S 1 = S 2 - dS Q 2, S 2 Volume conservation: Q 1 = Q 2 + Q R Salt conservation: 0 = S 2 Q 2 – S 1 Q 1 Combining these two it is easy to show that: Q 2 = (S 1 /ds)Q R and Q 1 = (S 2 /ds)Q R The Knudsen Relation

6. Primary Production chlorophyll depth Horizontal advection Mixing Vertical advection and sinking (growth – respiration – grazing) temperature Hood Canal Main Basin Whidbey Basin Strait of Juan de Fuca Dabob Bay Sills Categorization of PS basins: (Winter et al, 1975) Controls on phytoplankton blooms - light - nutrients - temperature - circulation Temporal and spatial patterns of biomass in Puget Sound - light - stratification

7. Zooplankton Phytoplankton J F M A M J J A S O N D Zooplankton (Roman et al, 2005) Behavior/ vertical distributions Temporal patterns - Link to phytoplankton blooms Spatial distributions - Circulation - Topography - River input

8. Hypoxia Ocean end Physical/biological/chemical mechanisms Human versus natural nutrient inputs Biological consequences Processes in Hood Canal (Newton, Hood Canal Dissolved Oxygen Program web site) Parker-Stetter and Horne, 2008

9. HABs and Invasive Species Ecosystems and human health consequences Physical controls Human inputs Threats to Puget Sound

10. Climate variability Local versus large-scale forcing Coherence throughout Puget Sound Implications to ecosystems?

11. Evaluations Fill out 2 sets of bubble sheets, one for Julie and one for Parker (put our names at top of form) Fill out 1 set of comments (yellow sheets) Drop in campus mail