1. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON1 CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT Chapter 11 The Political System Section 1:Shaping Public Opinion Shaping Public OpinionShaping Public Opinion Section 2:Interest Groups Interest GroupsInterest Groups Section 3:Taking Part in Government Taking Part in GovernmentTaking Part in Government

2. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON2 The Main Idea Political leaders and interest groups find many ways to shape public opinion and influence the beliefs of American citizens. Reading Focus   What is public opinion, and how is it shaped?   What is propaganda, and what are six common propaganda techniques?   How is public opinion measured? Section 1:Shaping Public Opinion

3. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON3 People’s opinions are influenced by  Family, friends, teachers, and clubs.  Information from mass media: television, newspapers, magazines, radio, and the Internet. Section 1:Shaping Public Opinion

4. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON4 The importance of staying informed  Democracy requires informed citizens.  Well-informed citizens must recognize differences between facts and opinions. Section 1:Shaping Public Opinion

5. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON5Propaganda  Propaganda is ideas spread to influence public opinion, consumers, and voters.  Mass media and communications technology enable the spread of propaganda. Section 1:Shaping Public Opinion

6. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON6 Propaganda methods:  Concealed propaganda attempts to fool people.  Revealed propaganda makes people aware that it is trying to influence them.  Propaganda techniques: bandwagon, card stacking, glittering generalities, name-calling, plain-folks appeal, and testimonials Section 1:Shaping Public Opinion

7. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON7 Measurements of public opinion:  Elections  Polls or surveys—take opinions of “samples” of population  Wording of polls, number of responses and the sample population influence the outcome of polls.  Polls may also influence public opinion. Section 1:Shaping Public Opinion

8. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON8 Public Opinion Polls [02:56]

9. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON9 SECTION 1 Measuring Public Opinion elections polls Question: How is public opinion measured?

10. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON10 The Main Idea Interest groups work to persuade the government to adopt particular policies and address specific issues. Reading Focus   What are interest groups, and what are the different types of interest groups?   How do lobbyists try to influence government and public opinion?   Do interest groups have too much power? Section 2:Interest Groups

11. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON11 Interest Groups  Organizations that seek to influence government policy  Also known as pressure groups or lobbies  Lobbies do not seek to influence elections like the political parties do.  Lobbies may represent economic interests, social interests, or general public interest. Section 2:Interest Groups

12. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON12 Special Interest Groups [04:38]

13. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON13 Different types of interest groups:  Business associations, labor unions, farm organizations, veterans’ organizations, teachers’ associations, and consumer groups  Public interest groups Section 2:Interest Groups

14. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON14 Criticism of interest groups:  Interest groups are too involved in lawmaking.  Well-funded and organized groups receive too much attention; other interests are not equally represented. Section 2:Interest Groups

15. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON15 How do lobbyists try to influence opinion?  Propose, research, and help write bills for Congress  Testify at committee hearings and may present evidence  Supply lawmakers with information  Advertise in the mass media  Supply workers and funds to election campaigns Section 2:Interest Groups

16. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON16 Lobbying & Political Participation [02:28]

17. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON17 SECTION 2 How Lobbyists Influence Opinions  Argue for or against legislation  Ask congressmembers to sponsor bills  Supply information, help write bills  Testify at hearings  Advertise  Provide workers and contributors for candidates  Urge people to contact public officials Question: How do lobbyists try to influence government and public opinion?

18. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON18 The Main Idea Americans can participate in government by voting and speaking out on the issues that matter to them. Reading Focus   What are the four ways that all citizens can participate in government?   Why is voting important, and why do so few U.S. citizens vote?   How do volunteers and interest groups help political campaigns? Section 3:Taking Part in Government

19. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON19 Four ways of participating in government:  Vote in local, state, and national elections  Work for political parties  Speak out on public issues  Work to improve our communities Section 3:Taking Part in Government

20. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON20Voting  A right and a responsibility  Expresses our opinions about our leaders and their policies  U.S. voter turnout is one of the lowest in the world.  Apathy, failure to register, illness, dissatisfaction with the candidates, location, and residency requirements contribute to poor voter turn-out.  The 1916 and 2000 elections demonstrate the importance of every vote. Section 3:Taking Part in Government

21. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON21 Volunteers and interest groups help political campaigns through:  Telephone and door-to-door campaigning  Distribution of literature on the street  Mailings  Interest groups provide volunteers and funds via political action committees. Section 3:Taking Part in Government

22. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON22 SECTION 3 voting speaking out on issues working for a political party volunteering in the community contacting public officials How Citizens Can Participate in Government Question: What are five ways that citizens can participate in government?

23. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON23 Chapter 11 Wrap-Up 1.How does the use of propaganda differ in totalitarian societies and democratic societies? 2.What is the purpose of polls? Why must polls use representative samples? 3.How do interest groups differ from political parties? 4.Identify ways that lobbyists try to influence public policy and opinion. 5.How can citizens take party in the political system? 6.Why is voting important? Why do so few Americans vote? 1.How does the use of propaganda differ in totalitarian societies and democratic societies? 2.What is the purpose of polls? Why must polls use representative samples? 3.How do interest groups differ from political parties? 4.Identify ways that lobbyists try to influence public policy and opinion. 5.How can citizens take party in the political system? 6.Why is voting important? Why do so few Americans vote?