2. 2 Why publish? 1. To exchange ideas 2. To build reputation 3. To disseminate work on a global scale Remember: Your research is not registered until it has been published.

3. 3 The stages to go through before submitting Idea Choose journal Read back issues Write first draft Use critical friend Refine further drafts Check notes for contributors Proof read and submit

4. 4 Choosing the right journal

5. 5 Know your audience Tip 1: A journal article is not a magazine article, a book manuscript or your PhD thesis (but you could write a book review…) Do you: a) Write an article for a specific journal? b) Find any journal for your article A. Be in the minority: 30% of authors write for a specific journal, 70% write the article and panic.

6. 6 Know your audience Tip 2: You are joining a conversation with other contributors. Research the journals in your field: Visit your university library Look at publishers and journal websites Talk to your peers Pick your type: generalist, or niche? Read the Aims and Scope Check www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo Ask the right questions and know the right answers: Editor? Editorial Board? Publisher? Authors? Readership? Online/print? Impact Factor? Peer Review? Submission process? Open Access policy?

7. 7 Aims and scope: essential reading before submission The ‘Aims and Scope’ will help you understand what the journal is about and who it is for. Find it on the journal page on tandfonline.com

8. 8 Journal citation metrics Citation metrics (rightly or wrongly) are widely used as measures of quality by: Librarians Tenure & promotion committees Grant awarding bodies Authors Publishers In the simplest terms, they calculate the average number of citations over a specified time period. Impact Factor/Social Sciences Citation Index SNIP/ Scopus Eigenfactor Score ® Article Influence Score ® But remember there are many factors to consider when deciding which journal is right for your paper.

9. 9 Consider… Open Access What is it? Making content freely available online to read Making content reusable by third parties with little or no restrictions Gold Open Access – refers to publication of the final article (Version of Record) – article is made freely available online (often after payment of an article publishing charge or APC). Green Open Access – *Usually* refers to archiving of an (earlier version of an) article – deposit of an article in a repository 0

10. 10 Writing for a journal

11. 11 Preparing your manuscript Do: Look at accepted papers Quote from articles in the journal Fit the Aims & Scope Format your article to the journal’s standard Know where or who to submit to Check spelling and grammar Consider English ‘polishing’ Ask a colleague to read it Don’t: × Overlook the title × Rush the abstract × Dismiss the submission guidelines × Ignore the bibliography × Leave acronyms unexplained × Forget to clear any copyright × Miss out attachments (figures, tables, photos) × Send the incorrect version of your paper

12. 12 Tips on a good abstract Approx 100- 200 words (stick to the word limit) Summarize findings and their implications The abstract must reflect contents of article Must be self- contained and must make sense on its own Include keywords in your abstract (discoverability) No abbreviations, footnotes, or incomplete references

13. 13 What makes a good abstract Top tip: “A good abstract will tell you what the key issue that’s addressed is, it’ll give you an idea of the methods that have been used and the conclusions that have been arrived at. So that abstract ought to tell someone whether it’s worth them spending part of their life reading this paper. If the abstract doesn’t do that the chances are the paper will have further weaknesses.” Professor David Gillborn, Editor of Race, Ethnicity and Education

14. 14 Tips on a good title The most visible part of your paper Be concise, accurate and informative Introduces you to the Editor as well as the reader Titles are often used by search engines and other information retrieval systems Top tip: Be specific and contain words that readers might be searching for Describe the content of paper but be brief Should not include acronyms or abbreviations Avoid jargon (don’t be too technical)

15. 15 What makes a good title Top tip: "We would typically expect a strong title, a good title that really expressed what the article was about and made it clear to the reader exactly what the topic was, and it's amazing how often writers neglect to do that.” Professor Mark Brundrett, Editor of Education 3-13

16. 16 Think like an editor “...I think authors need to think ‘what is it like to be an editor of a journal? How many papers is the Editor receiving per day, per week? What is going to actually make the journal pay attention to my paper?” Monica Taylor, former editor of the Journal of Moral Education

17. 17 Journal publishing protocol Question: Submitting a manuscript to more than one journal at a time is: a) allowed as reviews can take months b) not allowed in any circumstance Information on ethics in journal publishing: journalauthors.tandf.co.uk

18. 18 A word on etiquette What to be aware of as an author… Plagiarism: is it on the increase or are publishers better at detecting it? Whatever the answer make sure you are: Wary of self-plagiarism Don’t submit a manuscript to more than one journal at a time Don’t send an incomplete paper just to get feedback Always acknowledge your co-authors and/or fellow researchers Always mention any source of funding for your paper

19. 19 Following the Instructions for Authors To submit your manuscript, please follow the Instructions for Authors carefully (on every journal page on tandfonline.com).

20. 20 What you’ll need to submit A title page file with the names of all authors and co- authors Main document file with abstract, keywords, main text and all references Figure files and table files Any extra files, such as your supplemental material Biographical notes Your cover letter You will need to format your article to meet the requirements of the journal. Word templates are available for many Taylor & Francis journals, but please check the Instructions for Authors (on every journal page on tandfonline.com).

21. 21 Peer Review

22. 22 What is peer review? Allows an author’s research to be evaluated and commented upon by independent experts. Which can take different forms: Single-blind review - where the reviewer's name is hidden from the author. Double-blind review - where the reviewer's name is hidden from the author and the author's name is hidden from the reviewer. Open review - where no identities are concealed. Post-publication review - where comments can be made by readers and reviewers after the article has been published.

23. 23 Why is peer review necessary? 1. Helps to bring errors and gaps in literature to the attention of authors. 2. Helps to make the work more applicable to the journal readership. 3. Can create discussion around a research area or paper. 4. A reciprocal process – academics reviewing one another’s research. 0

24. 24 The peer review process Editor receives manuscript Reviewers Accept Minor amendments Major amendments Reject Feedback to author Amend Publisher proof stage Article published

25. 25 Dealing with referees comments Accept feedback with good grace Revise as requested If you can’t, admit it and explain why Turn the paper round on time Thank the referees for their time If you’re responding: Be specific Defend your position: be assertive and persuasive, not defensive or aggressive Don’t be afraid to ask the editor for guidance. A good editor will want to help.

26. 26 How to avoid rejection: Top 10 reasons why it happens 1. Sent to the wrong journal, doesn’t fit the aims and scope or fails to engage with issues addressed by the journal. 2. Not a true journal article (i.e. too journalistic or clearly a thesis chapter or consultancy report). 3. Too long/too short 4. Poor regard of the journal’s conventions (i.e. haven’t consulted the notes for contributors) or for academic writing generally. 5. Poor style, grammar, punctuation or English. 6. No contribution to the subject. 7. Not properly contextualised. 8. Poor theoretical framework. 9. Scrappily presented and sloppily proof read. 10. Libellous, unethical, rude or lacks objectivity. 26

27. 27 What to do if your paper is rejected Do nothing for a few days: try to calm down and try not to take it personally. You could use the reviewers’ comments, alter the paper and submit to another journal. If you do submit elsewhere, take care to alter your paper to the new style of that journal. Editors can easily detect a paper that was submitted to a rival publication. If you are asked to make heavy amendments and resubmit, you must decide if it is worthwhile.

28. 28 You’re published!

29. 29 Be discoverable Helping to maximise your article’s readership Use Twitter or Facebook to post a link to your article and highlight key points. Post updates and link to your article on academic and professional networking sites. Add a brief summary and link to your article on your department website. Then add it to your students’ reading lists. Think your research is newsworthy? Speak to your institution’s press office, provide them with a link to your article, and include them in social media posts. If you are a blogger or have a personal webpage write about your article and link to it. Then write about your post on social media, linking to it and the article. Maximise the potential of your article to be seen, read, and cited.

30. 30 What about Twitter? Some tweets that highlight research Plus an excellent example of linking your article to the news:

31. 31 Support for authors Guidance, development, news and ideas for Taylor & Francis authors journalauthors.tandf.co.uk @tandfauthorserv tandfauthorservices

32. 32 Interested in the view from editors? Discover Editor Resources, for the journal editor’s view: editorresources.taylorandfrancisgroup.com