1. Prescribing Flows for the Potomac River Ecosystem: Six Recommendations Brian Richter The Nature Conservancy

2. Basic Principles River flows are inherently variable on daily, seasonal, and inter-annual time scales The life cycles and population dynamics of many aquatic, riparian, and estuarine organisms are tightly linked to natural river flow variability

4. Flow Regime (lows, highs, floods) Physical Habitat Water Quality Energy Supply Species Interactions Ecological Integrity Connectivity Flow regime is a “master variable” in river ecosystems

5. Recommendation #1: Get straight about your goals It is critically important to define the ecological goals to be supported by the flow-by requirements -- what are you shooting for with your ecosystem flow prescription? (Note: low flow allocation agreement calls only for “maintaining environmental conditions”)

6. Recommendation #2: Engage scientists from a variety of disciplines using a toolbox of methods Ecosystem flow prescriptions must be developed with inter-disciplinary expertise: hydrology, water chemistry, fluvial geomorphology, fisheries biology, riparian ecology, and other specialists

7. Recommendation #3: Be specific about the magnitude, duration, and timing of tolerable extreme low flows. Extreme low flows do not last long in natural hydrologic regimes -- they are “events” and not a prolonged condition.

8. Recommendation #4: Consider more than just low flows in your prescription Low flow events are interrupted by high flow pulses. These pulses serve many important ecological functions. An ecosystem flow prescription must consider the magnitude, frequency, and duration of necessary high pulses.

9. Recommendation #5: Describe the desired inter-annual variability in low flows and high pulses Low flow events occur rarely under natural hydrologic conditions. By providing “better” years following extreme low flow years, populations are able to recover.

10. Recommendation #6: Expect to be wrong, invest in learning, and refine your prescription over time Improved management of the river will only come from years of careful monitoring and adaptive refinement of the flow prescription