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POWERPOINT ® LECTURE SLIDE PRESENTATION by LYNN CIALDELLA, MA, MBA, The University of Texas at Austin Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing.

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Presentation on theme: "POWERPOINT ® LECTURE SLIDE PRESENTATION by LYNN CIALDELLA, MA, MBA, The University of Texas at Austin Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing."— Presentation transcript:

1 POWERPOINT ® LECTURE SLIDE PRESENTATION by LYNN CIALDELLA, MA, MBA, The University of Texas at Austin Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY AN INTEGRATED APPROACH FOURTH EDITION DEE UNGLAUB SILVERTHORN UNIT 2 PART A 10 Sensory Physiology

2 Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings About this Chapter  General properties of sensory systems  Somatic senses  Chemoreception: Smell and taste  The Ear: Hearing  The Ear: Equilibrium

3 Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings General Properties: Sensory Division

4 Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Sensory Pathways  Stimulus as physical energy  sensory receptor  Receptor acts as a transducer  Intracellular signal  usually change in membrane potential  Stimulus > threshold  action potential to CNS  Integration in CNS  cerebral cortex or acted on subconsciously

5 Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Somatosensory Receptors Figure 10-1a

6 Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Somatosensory Receptors Figure 10-1b

7 Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10-1c Somatosensory Receptors

8 Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Sensory Receptors

9 Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Sensory Transduction  Stimulus energy converted into information processed by CNS  Ion channels or second messengers initiate membrane potential change  Adequate stimulus: Preferred form of stimulus  Threshold: Minimum stimulus  Receptor potential: Change in sensory receptor membrane potential

10 Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Receptive Fields of Sensory Neurons Figure 10-2

11 Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Sensory Neurons: Two-Point Discrimination Figure 10-3a

12 Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Sensory Neurons: Two-Point Discrimination Figure 10-3b

13 Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Integration by CNS  Sensory information either  Spinal cord to brain by ascending pathways  Directly to brain stem via cranial nerves  Visceral reflexes integrated in brain stem or spinal cord usually do not reach conscious perception  Perceptual threshold: Level of stimulus necessary to be aware of particular sensation

14 Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10-4 (1 of 3) Sensory Pathways in the Brain Each major division of the brain processes one or more types of sensory information

15 Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Sensory Pathways in the Brain Figure 10-4 (2 of 3)

16 Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Sensory Pathways in the Brain Figure 10-4 (3 of 3)

17 Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Sensory Pathways in the Brain Figure 10-4

18 Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Properties of Stimulus: Modality  Indicated by where  Sensory neurons are activated  Neurons terminate in brain  Specific to receptor type  Labeled line coding  1:1 association of receptor with sensation

19 Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Properties of Stimulus: Location  According to which receptive fields are activated  Auditory information is an exception  Sensitive to different frequencies  Lateral inhibition  Increases contrast between activated receptive fields and inactive neighbors  Population coding  Multiple receptors functioning together

20 Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Properties of Stimulus: Location Localization of Sound Figure 10-5

21 Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Properties of Stimulus: Location Lateral inhibition Figure 10-6

22 Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Properties of Stimulus  Intensity  Coded by number of receptors activated and frequency of action potentials  Duration  Coded by duration of action potentials  Some receptors can adapt or cease to respond  Tonic receptors versus phasic receptors

23 Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Properties of Stimulus Sensory coding for stimulus intensity and duration Figure 10-7 Duration Amplitude Time (sec) 51005 05 0 Threshold (a) (b) Stimulus 20 -20 -40 -60 -80 Membrane potential (mV) Membrane potential (mV) 20 -20 -40 -60 -80 0 0 Longer and stronger stimulus 051005 05 Threshold

24 Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Properties of Stimulus Figure 10-7 (1 of 6) Duration Amplitude 5100 (a)Stimulus 20 -20 -40 -60 -80 Membrane potential (mV) 0

25 Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Properties of Stimulus Figure 10-7 (2 of 6) Duration Amplitude Time (sec) 51005 0 Threshold (a)Stimulus 20 -20 -40 -60 -80 Membrane potential (mV) 0

26 Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Properties of Stimulus Figure 10-7 (3 of 6) Duration Amplitude Time (sec) 51005 05 0 Threshold (a)Stimulus 20 -20 -40 -60 -80 Membrane potential (mV) 0

27 Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Properties of Stimulus Figure 10-7 (4 of 6) Duration Amplitude Time (sec) 51005 05 0 Threshold (a) (b) Stimulus 20 -20 -40 -60 -80 Membrane potential (mV) Membrane potential (mV) 20 -20 -40 -60 -80 0 0 Longer and stronger stimulus 0510

28 Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Properties of Stimulus Figure 10-7 (5 of 6) Duration Amplitude Time (sec) 51005 05 0 Threshold (a) (b) Stimulus 20 -20 -40 -60 -80 Membrane potential (mV) Membrane potential (mV) 20 -20 -40 -60 -80 0 0 Longer and stronger stimulus 051005 Threshold

29 Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Properties of Stimulus Figure 10-7 (6 of 6) Duration Amplitude Time (sec) 51005 05 0 Threshold (a) (b) Stimulus 20 -20 -40 -60 -80 Membrane potential (mV) Membrane potential (mV) 20 -20 -40 -60 -80 0 0 Longer and stronger stimulus 051005 05 Threshold

30 Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Tonic and Phasic Receptors Figure 10-8a

31 Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Tonic and Phasic Receptors Figure 10-8b

32 Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Somatic Senses: Modalities  Touch  Proprioception  Temperature  Nociception  Pain  Itch

33 Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Somatic Senses Pathways  Sensory pathways cross the body’s midline Figure 10-9 (1 of 4)

34 Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Somatic Senses Pathways Figure 10-9 (2 of 4)

35 Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Somatic Senses Pathways Figure 10-9 (3 of 4)

36 Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Somatic Senses Pathways Figure 10-9 (4 of 4)

37 Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Somatic Senses Pathways Figure 10-9

38 Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10-10 The Somatosensory Cortex

39 Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10-11 Touch Receptors in the Skin Touch receptors are found in the skin and in deeper regions on the body

40 Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Temperature Receptors  Free nerve endings  Terminate in subcutaneous layers  Cold receptors  Lower than body temperature  Warm receptors  Above body temperature to about 45°C  Pain receptors activated above 45°C

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