1. Keith Eggleston Regional Climatologist Northeast RCC Climate Data Tools: xmACIS, NOWData and ThreadEx

2. Applied Climate Information System (ACIS) ACIS Database xmACIS ThreadEx NOWData ACIS MapsCLIMOD AgACIS

3. ACIS Database NCDC archive

4. ACIS Database NCDC archive

5. ACIS Database NCDC archive – Data from Climate Database Modernization Program

6. ACIS Database Daily Summary Messages for ASOS stations added as received, beginning around 4am ET

7. ACIS Database Daily CLI Messages from NWS added as received, beginning 4am ET

8. ACIS Database Preliminary COOP station data from NWS added as received throughout the day

9. ACIS Database Some data is keyed and QC’ed at the Regional Climate Centers – about 2-3 weeks after the end of the data month

10. ACIS Database Unique data contributed by NWS offices allows extension of record back in time

11. ACIS Database NCDC datasets updated as data are released – preliminary keyed, preliminary quality control, final quality control

12. ACIS Database Other Networks: High Plains automated network

13. ACIS Database Other Networks: USDA SNOTEL and SCAN networks

14. ACIS Database Flexible architecture allows for future expansion

15. Buffalo ACIS Data Jan 1871 - Dec 1921CRB Jan 1922 - Dec 1945DSI-3200 (COOP id 301012) Jan 1946 - Apr 2007DSI-3210 (WBAN id 14733) May - June 2007Extracted from CLI DSI-3210 updated monthly as received from NCDC. CLI statements added to database every morning. Datzilla updates added as processed.

16. Ithaca ACIS Data Jan 1893 - Dec 1925DSI-3206 (COOP id 304174) Jan 1926 - Jan 2007DSI-3200 (COOP id 304174) Feb 2007 DSI-3202 NCDC Prelim Mar - Apr 2007NRCC Keyed May - June 2007Extracted from RR3 DSI-320x updated 3/month as received from NCDC. SHEF-encoded data added to database every morning. Datzilla updates added as processed.

17. xmACIS - New Feature

19. NOWData  Public interface to ACIS database.  Available on all NWS climate web pages.  Subset of data and products available on xmACIS interface.  Station lists can be modified upon request through the Regional CSPMs.

20. NOWData

21. NOWData Station list All real-time stations with normals Other stations as requested by NWS offices

22. ThreadEx - The Issue  What climatological records should be used as the basis for U.S. daily climate extremes that are reported by the media, NWS, and others?  Current extreme records reporting are inconsistent, based on varying combinations of multiple observing sites.

23. Example - Chicago 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Chicago O’Hare Airport 1958-Present Chicago Midway Airport 1928-Present University of Chicago 1916-95 1872-1970 Chicago Weather Bureau City Office

24. Threading Process  Target Stations: Published LCD sites (~260)  Starting Point: Current ASOS Site  Consideration of Historical Precedent 1) NWS / WB 2) COOP  Overlaps: Yield to the More Recent Site  No Adjustments for Inhomogeneities !  Station Threads Vetted by Partners: Northeast Regional Climate Center (Developer) Northeast Regional Climate Center (Developer) NWS Field, State Climatologists (Reviewers) NWS Field, State Climatologists (Reviewers)

25. Back to Chicago Example 1. Chicago CRB 5. Chicago O’Hare Airport 4. Chicago Midway Airport 3. University of Chicago 2. Chicago WB Office 1958-Present 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 1958-Present 1942-58 1926-41 1896-1925 1871-95 Threaded Record Unused Portion of Record

26. ThreadEx Extremes  Station tables are available on the web Will be updated at least annually Will be updated at least annually http://threadex.rcc-acis.org http://threadex.rcc-acis.org  Daily top three records and years for: Highest Maximum Temperature Highest Maximum Temperature Lowest Maximum Temperature Lowest Maximum Temperature Highest Minimum Temperature Highest Minimum Temperature Lowest Minimum Temperature Lowest Minimum Temperature Greatest Precipitation Greatest Precipitation

27. ThreadEx Benefits  ThreadEx will provide… Maximized Maximized Consistent Consistent Routinely updated Routinely updated Freely available Freely available … daily climate records for principal observing stations in the United States.  ThreadEx is for general public use, NOT for research (no homogeneity adjustments).

28. Additions to ACIS Database  NOAA’s Climate Database Modernization Program (CDMP) has keyed a large amount of pre-1948 data – data that has not been consistently used before.  NRCC, in cooperation with the National Weather Service, has obtained a significant amount of historical data digitized by local NWS offices that was not part of the NCDC archives.  NRCC is performing quality control of historical data from the CDMP Climate Record Books project. This will add as much as 75 years to the beginning of station records.

29. San Francisco Thread SAN FRANCISCO INTL AP (DSI-3210)07/1945 to 12/2005 SAN FRANCISCO CITY (DSI-3210) 01/1921 to 06/1945 SAN FRANCISCO CITY (CRB) 01/1871 to 12/1920 SAN FRANCISCO CITY (supplied by NWS) 10/1849 to 12/1870

30. NWS-Contributed Data  Daily data - max and min temperature, precipitation, snowfall and snow depth  Variety of formats XMClimate netCDF XMClimate netCDF Excel spreadsheet Excel spreadsheet Text file Text file  Data has been contributed for 70 stations to date  Contact Keith Eggleston (KLE1@cornell.edu) KLE1@cornell.edu)

31.   ATL090456: 10/1878-08/1928090451: 09/1928-12/2005   ATT410420: 09/1891-08/1942410428: 09/1942-11/2005   BDL063451: 10/1904-12/1948   BHM010836: 04/1895-11/1945010831: 12/1945-12/2005   BIL240807: 08/1934-11/2005   BIS320819: 10/1874-09/2005   BOS190775: 01/1872-12/1919   BRO413259: 01/1878-10/1916…411136: 04/1942-11/2005   BTV431081: 01/1893-05/2005   BWI180470: 01/1871-07/1950180465: 07/1950-11/2005   CNK141769: 05/1885-04/1962141767: 05/1962-01/2005   CRP412010: 02/1887-10/1942412015: 10/1942-12/2005   DCA189290: 01/1871-06/1929448906: 07/1929-11/2005   DRT412357: 01/1906-04/1951…412360: 03/1963-11/2005   DSM132208: 08/1878-11/2005   DTW202118: 12/1894-12/1933…202103: 04/1966-12/2005   EKA042910: 12/1886-04/2003   ELP412799: 01/1879-11/1942412797: 12/1942-12/2004   FAI509641: 09/1904-11/1929502968: 12/1929-12/2002   FLG023007: 09/1898-12/1949023010: 01/1950-11/2005   FSD397667: 01/1893-01/2006   FSM032580: 06/1882-12/1900   GEG457938: 02/1881-11/2005   GJT053485: 01/1893-04/1946053488: 05/1946-01/2006   GRI253395: 10/1895-12/1899   GRR203337: 04/1892-12/1940…203333: 12/1963-12/2005   GTF243749: 12/1891-03/1937243751: 04/1937-11/2005   HLN244057: 04/1880-04/1940244055: 05/1940-11/2005   HON394135: 07/1881-02/1939394127: 02/1939-01/2006   HSV014976: 02/1894-12/1936…014064: 09/1958-11/2005   HVR243994: 01/1880-01/1961243996: 02/1961-11/2005   IND124264: 02/1871-12/1942124259: 01/1943-11/2004   IPT369733: 02/1895-12/1944369728: 01/1945-12/2004   LAN202394: 04/1863-04/1948…204641: 05/1959-10/2005

32.   LBF256070: 09/1874-12/1947256065: 01/1948-12/2005   LIT034248: 07/1879-12/1897   LMK154958: 11/1995-12/2005   LOT117457: 01/1992-08/1997   LSE474375: 10/1872-12/1950474370: 01/1951-08/2004   LWS105230: 09/1881-12/1947105241: 08/1948-11/2005   LYH445121: 01/1893-01/1930445120: 02/1930-01/2005   MCI234370: 07/1888-12/1893   MDT363711: 01/1889-05/1939…365703: 10/1991-12/2004   MEM405964: 01/1872-12/1939405954: 01/1940-12/2005   MGM015555: 09/1892-06/1948015550: 07/1948-12/2005   MIA085668: 12/1900-01/1939085663: 02/1939-12/1945   MSP217386: 01/1871-06/1933   OMA256220: 01/1871-05/1935…256255: 01/1994-11/2005   ORD111582: 01/1871-12/1896   ORF446144: 01/1874-12/1945446139: 01/1946-04/1951   ORH199928: 01/1904-12/1947   PBI084471: 01/1888-12/1899…089520: 01/1930-12/1945   PHL366909: 01/1872-6/1940366889: 06/1940-01/1999   PHX026486: 08/1895-09/1963026481: 10/1963-11/2005   PVD376703: 11/1904-05/1932376698: 06/1932-12/1947   RAP396937: 08/1942-12/1948   RIC447206: 01/1887-12/1929447201: 01/1930-04/1951   RST217004: 07/1886-02/1893   SAT417950: 03/1885-12/1940…417945: 07/1942-11/2005   SDF154956: 08/1872-06/1945154954: 07/1945-12/2005   SFO047772: 10/1849-01/1871   SPI118184: 07/1879-12/1879   SUX137712: 07/1889-04/1941137708: 05/1941-01/2006   TOP148172: 06/1887-07/1946148167: 08/1946-01/2005   TUL348987: 08/1893-12/1930348992: 01/1931-12/1992   TUP229000: 01/1930-04/1969229003: 05/1969-12/2005   TUS028815: 10/1894-12/1929028820: 01/1930-11/2005   UNR396947: 01/1888-04/1972396948: 01/1996-11/2005   YUM029662: 01/1893-07/1949…029646: 12/1995-11/2005

33. Climate Record Books  Daily data Maximum, minimum and average temperature Maximum, minimum and average temperature Precipitation Precipitation Snowfall Snowfall  Monthly summarized data Totals, means Totals, means Extremes Extremes Number of days Number of days  Period of record Back to late-1800s for many locations Back to late-1800s for many locations

34. Existing Period of Record

35. Addition of CRB

36. Seattle Precipitation

37. … with CRB added

41. Number of Corrections StationCorrections Total Obs Percent Augusta, GA 1845218,8450.8% Key West, FL 1073219,0000.5% Raleigh, NC 962116,8000.8% Fresno, CA 2727188,9001.4% Syracuse, NY 1169124,7020.9% Wilmington, NC 1930219,0000.9% Fort Worth, TX 407132,6250.3% (~99% of corrections are key-entry errors)

42. Station History