1. OPENING ASSIGNMENT TURN IN YOUR HOMEWORK TO Mr. Croft How do you try to convince your parents to give you greater independence? How do you think colonial populations might convince the United States to grant them greater freedom and self-government?

2. WHAT ARE WE LEARNING TODAY? Essential Learning Goal: America became an Imperial power during the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries by extending military control over areas outside of the U.S. and expanding markets for American made goods thanks to a belief in cultural superiority and global competition. Learning Targets: The student will identify the economic interests of American business as a key factor in shaping American foreign policy during the late 1800’s and early 1900’s. The Student will recognize the importance of the Platt Amendment, John Hay’s Open Door Policy, and the Boxer Rebellion.

3. RULING CUBA Although officially independent Cuba was occupied by American troops after the Spanish-American War (1898). The American military provided food and clothing to families, helped farmers put land back into cultivation, and organized elementary schools. The Americans also helped Cubans end epidemics of Yellow Fever which killed many Cubans each year. The US did however leave many of the old Spanish officials in government offices and would imprison or exile Cubans who protested.

4. THE PLATT AMENDMENT The US demanded that the Cuban government add to the constitution they created after becoming independent from Spain. The Platt Amendment demanded the following; Cuba could not make treaties that might limit its independence or permit a foreign power to control any part of Cuban territory. The US reserved the right to intervene in Cuba. Cuba was not to go into debt that its government could not repay. The US could buy or lease land on the island for naval stations and refueling stations for its Navy.

5. THE REASONS FOR THE PLATT AMENDMENT The most important reason for the US to maintain a strong political presence in Cuba was to protect American businesses that had invested in the island’s; Sugar Tobacco Mining Railroads Utilities

6. THE FILIPINO REBELS As the US took control of the Philippine Islands from Spain the rebels viewed the Americans not as liberators but as just another Imperial authority. Filipino rebels continued to fight for independence against the US. The US Army forced Filipinos to live in designated zones, wh ere poor sanitation, starvation, and disease killed thousands. This was the same policy that Americans had condemned Spain for using in Cuba. The war lasted nearly three years It killed 20,000 Filipinos rebels and 200,000+ civilians from disease and starvation. 4,000 Americans soldiers died and It cost the US $400 million.

7. THE US IN EAST ASIA Weakened by war and foreign intervention China had become unable to resist foreign nations who set up settlements along the coast and created spheres of influence. These were areas in which each nation claimed special rights and economic privileges. For example Hong Kong came under British rule from 1841–1941 & 1945–1997. The US Secretary of State JOHN HAY issued an 1899 policy statement which called for an OPEN DOOR POLICY. The letters to foreign leaders asked that imperialist nations share their trading rights with the US. This meant that no single nation would have a monopoly on trade with any part of China.

8. THE BOXER REBELLION Imperialist foreign nations dominated China despite the fact that China was an independent nation. Resentment simmered beneath the surface and some Chinese formed secret societies pledged to rid the country of “foreign devils.” The most famous of these secret groups was the Boxers, so named by westerners because they practiced martial arts.

9. THE BOXER REBELLION The Boxers began a revolt and killed many missionaries, foreigners, and Chinese converts to Christianity. The rebellion was put down by a coalition of US, Japanese and European militaries. Thousands of Chinese died in the rebellion. In addition China had to pay $332 million in damages. The US was awarded $24.5 million but returned about $20 million.

10. BRITISH AND JAPANESE FORCES FIGHT THE BOXERS

11. PROTECTING AMERICAN INTERESTS After the Boxer rebellion the US Secretary of State JOHN HAY issued another policy stating: The US would “safeguard for the world the principle of equal and impartial trade with all parts of the Chinese Empire.” This policy meant greater US influence in East Asia and represented three beliefs about the US industrial capitalist economy; 1.Americans believed that the growth of the US economy depended on exports. 2.They felt the US had a right to intervene (conduct war) abroad to keep foreign markets open. 3.They feared that the closing of an area to American products, citizens, or ideas threatened American foreign policy.