1. Ancient Greece Ancient Philosophy

2. Sparta Helots outnumbered Spartaans10:1 Messenian Revolt Police state

3. Fascism 1. Powerful and Continuing Nationalism 2. Disdain for the Recognition of Human Rights - Because of fear of enemies and the need for security 3. Identification of Enemies/Scapegoats as a Unifying Cause 4. Supremacy of the Military 5. Rampant Sexism the state is represented as the ultimate guardian of the family institution. 6. Controlled Mass Media 7. Obsession with National Security - Fear

4. Fascism 8. Religion and Government are intertwined 9. Corporate Power is protected 10. Labor Power is suppressed 11. Disdain for Intellectuals and the Arts 12. Obsession with Crime and Punishment - the police are given almost limitless power 13. Rampant Cronyism and Corruption - 14. Fraudulent Elections - Sometimes

5. Athens Draco-laws too harsh

6. Athens coined money state backed the farmer could pledge his own person or that of his wife or his children for the repayment of a loan. –the greater part of the agricultural population was in danger of being converted into bondage. class warfare

7. Solon Constitutional reform Economic reform –abrogated at once all agricultural and personal loans. –liberated all those debtors who were actually in slavery under previous legal adjudication –it forbade any Athenian to pledge his own person or that of any member of his family as security for a loan. debased currency to help rich out of crisis so their debts paid off with money of lesser value

8. Now Debasement of currency –Nixon-Bretton Woods agreement first bankruptcy of the U.S. Fiat money system –Greenspan 1987 Crisis Savings and Loans Stock market bubbles Real Estate bubble

9. Athens Pisistratus –redistribute land Cleisthenes –Athens was divided into ten areas called demes – Fifty men from each were selected to make decisions. – All males over 20 could vote in the assembly. –Leaders were chosen by lot (names drawn from a pot). –People could point out anyone that they thought was a threat - If 6,000 votes were cast against someone, they were "ostrakon" (ostracized). Athens was now a democratic city-state.

10. Persian Wars Persion War 1 - Darius –Greeks won at Marathon –Messenger ran 24 miles and dropped dead Persion War 2 - Xerxes –Persians defeated at Thermopylae –Greeks betrayed by Ephialtes –Persians burned Athens –Battle of Salamis.

11. Terrorism Robert Pape, author of Dying to Win, explains the strategic logic of suicide terrorism. Pape has collected a database of every suicide terrorist attack between 1980 and 2004, all 462 of them. Between 1995 and 2004, the al Qaeda years, two-thirds of all attacks came from countries where the U.S. had troops stationed. the strongest motivation is not religion but rather a desire "to compel modern democracies to withdraw military forces from the territory the terrorists view as their homeland." Between 1982 and 1986, there were 41 suicide terrorist attacks in Lebanon. Once the U.S., the French, and Israel withdrew their forces from Lebanon, there were no more attacks. The reason the attacks stop, according to Pape, is that the Osama bin Ladens of the world no longer can inspire potential suicide terrorists despite their continued fanatical religious beliefs.

12. Delian League Athens dominated and made others pay tributes of ships, soldiers, and money, and they wouldn't let anyone leave. The Melian Dialogue –Might makes right

13. Athenian Empire Rich from tribute Golden Age-Pericles

14. American Empire – needs fiat money –Nixon First bankruptcy –Reagan Huge military buildup on borrowed money Prolonged Cold War Latin America –Bush2 Iraq War

15. The Peloponnesian War Phase I –Sparta invade Athens –Athenians blockaded in city –Plague –Stalemate Phase II –Peace of Nicias Phase III –Sicilian Expedition

16. Sicilian Expedition Alcibiades-for Nicias-against Masses were enthusiastic Army and navy destroyed

17. Now Mass Psychology –Stock market bubbles-Irrational exuberance –War hysteria

18. Alexandrian King Philip of Macedonia Alexander the Great